| 1. |
- Liedgren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Hearths in the coastal areas of northernmost Sweden, from the period AD 800 to 1950
- 2016
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Ingår i: Rangifer. - : UiT The Arctic University of Norway. - 0333-256X .- 1890-6729. ; 36:1, s. 25-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a study of the chronological setting of hearths registered in FMIS (digital register containing records of all known ancient monuments in Sweden) in the provinces of Västerbotten and Norrbotten, Northern Sweden. A total of c. 1500 hearths are known in the area, mainly situated north of the river Skellefteälven. Within a study area of 107 x 94 km, 32 hearths were randomly selected for excavation, each site embracing 1-14 hearths. The sites were scanned using a metal detector and nearly all artifacts found were from the period AD 1600-1900. 14C-datings of charcoal and burned bones corroborated that most hearths were used during this period, with a large number dating to the 19th and 20th centuries. Many hearths contained bones from mature reindeer, indicating that the hearths were related to reindeer herding. We suggest that most hearths are related to nomadic Sami reindeer herders using coastal areas for winter pasture, possibly resulting from the breakdown of the “lappskatteland” (taxation lands) system and an increase in reindeer numbers.
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| 2. |
- Norstedt, Gudrun, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Fencing the forest : early use of barrier fences in Sami reindeer husbandry
- 2017
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Ingår i: Rangifer. - : Septentrio Academic Publishing. - 0333-256X .- 1890-6729. ; 37:1, s. 69-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barrier fences are generally not considered to have been used in Sami reindeer husbandry in Sweden before the early 20th century. As a rule, they are thought to have been introduced with the transition from intensive to extensive herding that is assumed to have taken place at this time. However, in this study, we show that barrier fences were widely used in Gällivare, Jokkmokk and Arjeplog Municipalities from the mid-18th century onwards, especially in the forests. Until the early 20th century, these fences were built of local materials, mainly whole trees and boulders, and we therefore call them whole-tree fences. Some of the barrier fences were used during periods of loose supervision by herders who otherwise practised intensive methods, while others were built in a context of extensive herding, large herds and conflicts over land use. Extensive reindeer herding was thus practised in the area much earlier than usually presumed, and it overlapped with intensive herding in both time and space.
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