| 1. |
- Andersson, Lars Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Life insurance and income growth : the case of Sweden 1830-1950
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - : Routledge. - 0358-5522 .- 1750-2837. ; 58:3, s. 203-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we provide an analysis of the life insurance market in Sweden from the early 19th century to the mid 20th century. We consider determinants put forward in the financial history literature to explain the growth of life insurance. The paper shows that income elasticity of demand gives a fairly good approximation of the development in the twentieth century, while the development of risk and insurance innovation among other things need to be taken into account to explain the growth of life insurance in nineteenth century. The price of life insurance, measured as the overhead-to-premium-income-ratio, remained fairly constant during the second half of the 19th century, while the risk, as indicated in terms of crude mortality rates and its volatility did decline. This probably improved the return on life-insurance savings and further helped the entry of new firms. The average premium size was reduced to enable the diffusion of life insurance to workers.
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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, 1984
(författare)
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Labour’s Share in Twentieth Century Sweden: A Reinterpretation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0358-5522 .- 1750-2837. ; 62:3, s. 290-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distribution of national income between capital and labour is a classical theme in political economy. This paper takes a long-run perspective to the issue and asks two questions: How did the distribution of income between capital and labour develop in Sweden from 1900 to 2000? And how can this development best be explained? It is shown that labour's share in Sweden in the 100 years from 1900 to 2000 saw three important shifts, and the three shifts are analyzed. Around 1920, there was a surge in labour's share as workers mobilised in trade unions and universal suffrage and the eight-hour working day in manufacturing strengthened the bargaining power of workers. From 1950 until the late 1970s, there was another period of an increasing labour share, when the welfare state expanded and trade unions were strong. Contra the well-known postwar wage moderation analysis, there was no wage moderation in Sweden during the 1950s and 1960s, but rather the opposite: wages increased faster than productivity which caused a redistribution from capital to labour and reduced income inequality. The third shift occurred around 1980 when labour's share started a continuous decrease, beginning with several devaluations intended to increase profitability and competitiveness of Swedish business.
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| 3. |
- Berger, Thor, et al.
(författare)
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Geographical Location and Urbanization of the Swedish Manufacturing Industry, 1900-1960: Evidence from a New Database
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - 0358-5522. ; 60:3, s. 290-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article introduces a new database, based on official statistics, of regional manufacturing industries in Sweden. We employ this database to examine the distribution of manufacturing activity across Swedish regions and cities, 1900–1960. Over this period we observe an increasing concentration of manufacturing activities, reaching a peak around 1940, across the northern, southern and western parts (NUTS-I areas) of Sweden. Over the same period, the North-South divide in terms of manufacturing employment grew larger. Across counties (NUTS-III) and cities we, however, observe two shorter periods of convergence of manufacturing activities, in the early twentieth century and in the post-war period, whereas the inter-war period was characterised by divergence. These developments occurred to the backdrop of the urbanisation of industry in Sweden, as the rural share of manufacturing employment declined from roughly 60 to 25% between 1900 and 1960. We also find that the regional patterns of individual industries over time followed different trajectories, suggesting that that the determinants of industry location differed significantly across industries.
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| 7. |
- Edvinsson, Rodney, 1971-
(författare)
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Inflation before paper money : debasement cycles in Sweden-Finland 1350-1594
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0358-5522 .- 1750-2837. ; 59:2, s. 166-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although high inflation is associated with the spread of paper monies, rapid price increases are well known under the metallic standard from several countries, caused by the debasement of coins. The exact mechanism is still a puzzle. If agents were rational, why did they accept inferior coins at par with better ones? This paper compares five debasement cycles that occurred in Sweden-Finland 1350-1594. During the initial phase of such cycles coins tended to circulate by-tale, while by-weight circulation was most common towards the end of the cycles. A premium on the heavier coins implied that they were not driven out of circulation. The seignorage rate was significant during the initial phases of the cycles, while it decreased when prices and exchange rates adjusted in response to the debasement, prompting a recoinage, when the monetary unit was strengthened. It is this shift from by-tale to by-weight circulation that explains the high inflation rates that could occur before the rise of paper money.
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| 8. |
- Edvinsson, Rodney, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Prices and the growth of the knowledge economy in Sweden and Western Europe before the industrial revolution
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0358-5522 .- 1750-2837. ; 59:3, s. 250-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article uses long-term series of real prices for various goods and services to analyse the evolution of the knowledge economy before the Industrial Revolution by focusing on Sweden in comparison with other European countries. During the early modern period, the relative price of knowledge-intensive goods and services, such as iron, paper, salt, sea transports and silver, decreased relative to a Consumer Price Index. The increased productivity levels of these goods and services were caused by increased division of labour and accelerated diffusion of knowledge. However, the real price of foodstuff tended to increase, implying that living standards declined with increased population. Early modern Western Europe acquired a peculiar price structure, characterized by low prices of industrial goods relative to the price of food. Only with the advent of industrial society could the knowledge economy escape the Malthusian entrapment.
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| 10. |
- Fiebranz, Rosemarie, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Making verbs count : the research project 'Gender and Work' and its methodology
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0358-5522 .- 1750-2837. ; 59:3, s. 273-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While gender relations in the post-1800 labour market have been subject to much scholarly scrutiny, less is known about how women and men supported themselves in the early modern period. This article discusses the reasons for this lacuna and explores various approaches that could be used to increase knowledge in the field. It describes the verb-oriented method, used by the Gender and Work project at Uppsala University and inspired by the work of Sheilagh Ogilvie. Understanding ‘work’ as ‘use of time with the goal of making a living’, the method consists in systematic collection of verb phrases such as ‘to fish herring’, ‘to sell clothes’, etc. The article also presents the database GaW, which is designed so as to make possible systematic analysis of large sets of verb phrases.
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