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- Hermansson, Liselotte, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Upper limb deficiencies in Swedish children : a comparison between a population-based and a clinic-based register
- 2001
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Ingår i: Early Human Development. - 0378-3782 .- 1872-6232. ; 63:2, s. 131-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To validate information in the Swedish Register for Congenital Malformations (SRCM).METHODS: A comparison was made with a clinic-based register kept at the Limb Deficiency and Arm Prosthesis Centre (LDAPC). The report frequency and the quality of the information in SRCM were analysed. Cases were classified according to a detailed, clinically relevant classification, the ISO 8548-1:89 method.OUTCOME MEASURES: The completeness of SRCM was first estimated. The Kappa statistic was then used to assess the agreement between the two registers regarding individual categories and across all categories.RESULTS: For the period 1973-1987, we found 125 cases of upper limb reduction deficiencies (ULRD) in the clinic-based register, of which 117 was found in the national register. The completeness of SRCM was thus estimated to be 94% (95% confidence interval 89-98%). The inter-register agreement varied from almost perfect agreement in laterality of deficiency (Kappa 0.98) to substantial agreement in type and level of deficiency (Kappa 0.72-0.79). For specific levels of transverse deficiency, however, the agreement varied between -0.05 and 0.66.CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that SRCM, with its calculated underestimation of 6%, can be used for studying the prevalence of ULRD in Sweden. However, as SRCM is a surveillance register, the quality of some information seems to be low, making detailed description of cases difficult. Use of the population register data for clinical purposes could therefore result in lower validity. Additional information and follow-up of specific cases are therefore recommended.
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- Sommerfelt, K, et al.
(författare)
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Behavior in term, small for gestational age preschoolers
- 2001
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Ingår i: Early Human Development. - 0378-3782 .- 1872-6232. ; 65:2, s. 107-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To evaluate whether being born small for gestational age (SGA) was associated with an increased frequency of preschool behavioral problems. Study design: Follow-up study at 5 years of age. Subjects: A population based cohort of 318 term infants who were SGA, defined as having a birthweight less than the 15th percentile for gestational age, and without major handicap such as cerebral palsy or mental retardation, and a random control sample of 307 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. Outcome measures: The Personality Inventory for Children and the Yale Children's Inventory (completed by the mothers), and child behavior during psychometric testing. Results: Behavior problems was not more common among the SGA children. The results were not confounded by a wide range of parental demographic and child rearing factors, including maternal non-verbal problem solving abilities, child rearing style, and maternal psychological distress. However, the parental factors explained 13% of the variance in a summary score of child behavior compared to 1% explained by SGA vs. AGA status. The SGA children were not more sensitive to the negative impacts of parental risk factors than AGA controls. The study does not address the outcome of severely growth-retarded SGA infants. Conclusion: Being born moderately SGA is not a significant risk factor for preschool behavior problems.
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- Andersson, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Lactoferrin is responsible for the fungistatic effect of human milk.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Early Human Development. - 0378-3782 .- 1872-6232. ; 59:2, s. 95-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human milk has recognized anti-microbial effects and it has been repeatedly shown that breast-fed infants have fewer and less severe infections than formula-fed infants. While most studies have focused on anti-bacterial and anti-viral activities few have focused on the anti-fungal effect of human milk. Dermal and other infections caused by fungi are common in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Using a liquid culturing method and Candida albicans and Rhodotorula rubra as representative fungi, we studied the anti-fungal effect of human milk and certain human milk proteins. In vitro, human milk showed potent inhibitory effect on fungal growth. Most, if not all of this effect was caused by lactoferrin via its iron-binding capacity; increasing the iron content of the incubation medium abolished the inhibitory effect. In contrast, other human milk proteins with known or suggested anti-microbial effects rather increased fungal growth. Viability test and electron microscopy revealed that the growth inhibitory effect of human milk, i.e. mediated by lactoferrin, is fungistatic rather than fungicidal.
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- Gradin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Feeding and oral glucose : additive effects on pain reduction in newborns
- 2004
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Ingår i: Early Human Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3782 .- 1872-6232. ; 77:1-2, s. 57-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aims of this study were to compare the pain reducing effect of oral glucose with that of being breast-fed shortly before venipuncture in newborns, and also the pain score and crying time with parents' assessment.Design: Randomised, controlled trial.Subjects: 120 full term newborns undergoing venipuncture randomly assigned to on of four groups: I, Breast-fed and 1-ml placebo; II, Breast-fed and 1-ml 30% glucose; III, Fasting and 1-ml placebo; and IV, Fasting and 1-ml 30% glucose.Outcome measures: Pain during venipuncture was measured with the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP). Crying time was recorded. The parents assessed their babies' pain on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).Results: The PIPP score was significantly lower in the infants receiving glucose, than in those not given glucose (p=0.004). There was no significant difference in PIPP score between the infants who were fed and the fasting infants. The PIPP score was lower in group II (median 7) than in group I (md 10). There was a similar difference between group IV (md 9) and group III (md 11). The median crying times during the first 3 min in groups I, II, III, and IV were 63, 18, 142 and 93 s, respectively. There was low agreement between the parents' assessment of pain and the PIPP score and crying time.Conclusion: Breast-feeding shortly before venipuncture has no major impact on the pain score but on crying time. The combination of oral glucose and breast-feeding shows the lowest pain score and significantly shorter duration of crying.
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