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- Hellström, Ann, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Screening and novel therapies for retinopathy of prematurity – A review
- 2019
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Ingår i: Early Human Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3782 .- 1872-6232. ; 138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 Elsevier B.V. With current screening for sight threatening retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) <10% of screened infants need treatment. Prediction models based on birth characteristics, postnatal weight gain and other factors have been developed to reduce examinations in low-risk infants. A model based on advanced statistics using data from >7000 infants registered in the Swedish ROP registry is being developed. Based on birth characteristics only, it appears to predict total risk of ROP-treatment as well as models including weight measurements. Treatment risk peaked at 12 weeks of age. Laser therapy is the method of choice for severe ROP. Anti-VEGF therapies are implemented worldwide despite insufficient knowledge of choice of drug, dosage and long term systemic effects. Prevention of ROP may be achieved through oxygen control and provision of the mother's breastmilk. Other interventions such as supplementation with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and preservation of fetal haemoglobin are investigated.
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- Jelenkovic, Aline, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between birth size and later height from infancy through adulthood : An individual based pooled analysis of 28 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project
- 2018
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Ingår i: Early Human Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3782 .- 1872-6232. ; 120, s. 53-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is evidence that birth size is positively associated with height in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. Aim: To analyze the associations of birth weight, length and ponderal index with height from infancy through adulthood within mono- and dizygotic twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors. Methods: This study is based on the data from 28 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 41,852 complete twin pairs (55% monozygotic and 45% same-sex dizygotic) with information on birth weight and a total of 112,409 paired height measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 69 years. Birth length was available for 19,881 complete twin pairs, with a total of 72,692 paired height measurements. The association between birth size and later height was analyzed at both the individual and within-pair level by linear regression analyses. Results: Within twin pairs, regression coefficients showed that a 1-kg increase in birth weight and a 1-cm increase in birth length were associated with 1.14–4.25 cm and 0.18–0.90 cm taller height, respectively. The magnitude of the associations was generally greater within dizygotic than within monozygotic twin pairs, and this difference between zygosities was more pronounced for birth length. Conclusion: Both genetic and individual-specific environmental factors play a role in the association between birth size and later height from infancy to adulthood, with a larger role for genetics in the association with birth length than with birth weight.
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- Liegl, R., et al.
(författare)
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IGF-1 in retinopathy of prematurity, a CNS neurovascular disease
- 2016
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Ingår i: Early Human Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3782. ; 102, s. 13-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The retina is part of the central nervous system and both the retina as well as the brain can suffer from severe damage after very preterm birth. Retinopathy of prematurity is one of the major causes of blindness in these children and brain neuronal impairments including cognitive defects, cerebral palsy and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) are also complications of very preterm birth. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) acts to promote proliferation, maturation, growth and survival of neural cells. Low levels of circulating IGF-1 are associated with ROP and defects in the IGF-1 gene are associated with CNS disorders including learning deficits and brain growth restriction. Treatment of preterm infants with recombinant IGF-1 may potentially prevent ROP and CNS disorders. This review compares the role of IGF-1 in ROP and CNS disorders. A recent phase 2 study showed a positive effect of IGF-1 on the severity of IVH but no effect on ROP. A phase 3 trial is planned. © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd
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- Markasz, Laszlo, et al.
(författare)
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The receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) expression in neonatal bronchiolar epithelium correlates negatively with lung air content
- 2018
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Ingår i: Early Human Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3782 .- 1872-6232. ; 127, s. 58-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) may have an important role in lung development. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of hyaluronan (HA) content and RHAMM during postnatal lung development by analyzing human lung specimens from ventilated newborn infants with a variety of lung diseases at different gestational and postnatal ages.Materials and methods: Ninety four patient samples were evaluated. RHAMM expression was studied by immunohistochemistry combined with digital image analysis. Cluster analysis was performed to find subgroups according to immuno-histological and clinical data. We present a computerized method that describes the air content of the lung by determining the fraction of the parenchyma-covered area in lung sections. HA content was estimated by radiometric assay.Results: The patients could be sorted into groups by hierarchical clustering. Five of six groups showed individual patterns according to RHAMM expression and HA content. Negative correlation was observed between air content and RHAMM expression in the bronchiolar epithelium irrespective of clustered groups. Lung hypoplasia appeared in two distinctive groups, with significant differences in lung development and RHAMM expression.Conclusions: RHAMM expression may show dynamic changes during pathological processes in the neonatal lung. The distribution of RHAMM in the lung tissue is heterogeneous with a predominance to the bronchiolar epithelium. We found a negative correlation between lung air content and RHAMM expression in bronchiolar epithelium.
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- Montgomery, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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The Structured Observation of Motor Performance in Infants can detect cerebral palsy early in neonatal intensive care recipients
- 2017
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Ingår i: Early Human Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3782 .- 1872-6232. ; 113, s. 31-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe detection of motor problems in infancy requires a detailed assessment method that measures both the infants' level of motor development and movement quality.AimTo evaluate the ability of the Structured Observation of Motor Performance in Infants (SOMP-I) to detect cerebral palsy (CP) in neonatal intensive care recipients.Study designProspective cohort study analyzed retrospectively.Subjects212 (girls: 96) neonatal intensive care recipients (mean gestational age 34 weeks, range: 23–43). Twenty infants were diagnosed with CP.Outcome measuresThe infants were assessed using SOMP-I at 2, 4, 6 and 10 months' corrected age. Accuracy measures were calculated for level of motor development, quality of motor performance and a combination of the two to detect CP at single and repeated assessments.ResultsAt 2 months, 17 of 20 infants with CP were detected, giving a sensitivity of 85% (95% CI 62–97%) and a specificity of 48% (95% CI 40–55%), while the negative likelihood ratio was 0.3 (95% CI 0.1–0.9) and the positive likelihood ratio was 1.6 (95% CI 1.3–2.0). At 6 months all infants with CP were detected using SOMP-I, and all infants had repeatedly been assessed outside the cut-offs. Specificity was generally lower for all assessment ages, however, for repeated assessments sensitivity reached 90% (95% CI 68–99%) and specificity 85% (95% CI 79–90%).ConclusionsSOMP-I is sensitive for detecting CP early, but using the chosen cut-off can lead to false positives for CP. Assessing level and quality in combination and at repeated assessments improved predictive ability.
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