| 1. |
- Niedomysl, Thomas
(författare)
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Towards a conceptual framework of place attractiveness: a migration perspective
- 2010
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1468-0467 .- 0435-3684. ; 92:1, s. 97-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedThe attractiveness of places is currently gaining a high policy salience in policymakers’ efforts to draw mobile capital. Yet, while there are a growing number of empirical studies considering the migration of people and the attractiveness of places, there is an acute lack of conceptual understanding of the phenomena that hamper discussions between researchers and policymakers. This article suggests a conceptual framework whereby place attractiveness can be better understood from a migration perspective. The empirical material for this article mainly draws upon interviews that were carried out with migrants who seem to have considered at least one alternative in their search for a suitable destination. The conceptual framework, which comprises the main result of the article, illustrates that needs, demands and preferences are central and empirically identifiable components for properly appreciating place attractiveness in a migration context. It is argued that the attractiveness of places increases with the successive fulfilment of these factors; but on the other hand, the more factors a migrant seeks to fulfil in his or her destination selection, the fewer the choice possibilities. The article moreover shows how a life-course perspective needs to be integrated in such analyses since not only do migrants’ needs, demands and preferences depend upon their current life-course phase situation, their resources and constraints are also likely to correlate with the lifecourse. The conceptual framework can be used to ease understanding between researchers and policymakers in issues related to place attractiveness and the migration of relatively affluent migrants with choice opportunities.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Jan-Henrik
(författare)
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International Business Travel in the Global Economy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler. Series B. Human Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1468-0467 .- 0435-3684. ; 93B:4, s. 340-342
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Weisz, Helga, et al.
(författare)
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Society-nature coevolution: interdisciplinary concept for sustainability
- 2011
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1468-0467 .- 0435-3684. ; 93:4, s. 281-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A brief historical background to the currently ascend- ing interest in evolutionary and coevolutionary theory is sketched, and the concept of society–nature coevolution is positioned in this broader field. The significance of society–nature coevolution- ary pathways for transition to sustainability is highlighted with Schellnhuber’s heuristic ‘theater world’ for representing paradigms of sustainable development. Geography’s recent re-engagement in the geographical experiment of keeping society and nature under one conceptual umbrella is exemplified in the works of Hägerstrand and Harvey. This special issue’s four contributions to developing society–nature coevolutionary theory are presented. The outlook these articles provide suggests that research into society–nature co- evolution should play a key role in identifying physically, biologi- cally and socially accessible pathways to sustainability. In order to keep the future accessible and navigable, we will need enhanced understanding of society–nature coevolution.
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| 4. |
- Bienkowska, Dzamila, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Brain circulation and flexible adjustment : labour mobility as a cluster advantage
- 2011
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0435-3684 .- 1468-0467. ; 93:1, s. 21-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the role of labour mobility as a potential cluster advantage. We review the theoretical arguments as for how and why labour mobility could enhance the dynamism and performance of clusters of similar and related firms. A combination of quantitative and qualitative data from two information and communication technology (ICT) clusters is used to answer two research questions: (1) What is the role of mobility enhancing (or restricting) institutions in clusters? (2) In what ways does labour mobility contribute to knowledge transfer within clusters? The two ICT clusters studied in the article generally seem to have higher levels of mobility, compared to the labour market at large. Although it is regarded as beneficial in theory, most cluster firms try to restrict mobility of workers since they fear the risk and costs of losing staff. Labour mobility is also rarely viewed as a viable way to increase the knowledge bases or contact networks of firms. However, when firms need to recruit the clustered labour markets seem to benefit them by facilitating the use of informal recruitment processes. By way of conclusion it is suggested that cluster firms might be under-investing in mobility and that innovative institutional solutions could help realize clusters’ mobility potential.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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What scale matters? : exploring the relationships between individuals' social position, neighbourhood context and the scale of neighbourhood
- 2010
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0435-3684 .- 1468-0467. ; 92B:1, s. 23-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past few years, neighbourhood effects research has received significant attention from the academic world, not only in the US, where that attention has a longer tradition, but also in Western Europe. There is also substantial interest among policy makers. Most policy makers intend to reduce concentrations of poverty by enhancing the social mix of neighbourhoods. Avoiding high immigrant concentrations in particular neighbourhoods is another issue that fuels political debate and policy intervention in many Western European countries, Scandinavian countries included. However, there are clear gaps in the understanding of the relationship between neighbourhood composition and social outcomes. One of these gaps regards the scale of the neighbourhood; if there would be neighbourhood effects, what scale is it relevant to consider? Is mix good or bad for the social prospects of individuals at a level that is very local, for example a few neighbouring streets, or could mix be helpful at a somewhat higher scale? This article will focus on this issue, applying individual longitudinal data in multi-level models for the entire active population of the three largest metropolitan areas in Sweden. We will explore the degree to which the social and ethnic composition of geographical districts, at a variety of scales (measured at time t), are statistically related to individual employment and earnings for adult metropolitan residents at time t+1, controlling for relevant personal and household characteristics.
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| 6. |
- Ceccato, Vania, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact Of Crime On Apartment Prices : Evidence From Stockholm, Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0435-3684 .- 1468-0467. ; 93B:1, s. 81-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study uses data of about 9,000 apartment sales in Stockholm, Sweden, to assess the impact of crime on property prices. The study employs hedonic pricing modelling to estimate the impact of crime controlling for other factors (property and neighbourhood characteristics). Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to combine apartment sales by coordinates with offences, land use characteristics and demographic data of the population. The novelty of this research is threefold. First, it explores a set of land use attributes created by spatial techniques in GIS in combination with detailed geographical data in hedonic pricing modelling. Second, the effect of crime in neighbouring zones at one place can be measured by incorporating spatial lagged variables of offence rates into the model. Third, the study provides evidence of the impact of crime on housing prices in a capital city of a traditional welfare state, information otherwise lacking in the international literature. Our results indicate that apartment prices in a specific area are strongly affected by crime in its neighbouring zones, regardless of crime type. When offences were broken down by types, residential burglary, theft, vandalism, assault and robbery individually had a significant negative effect on property values. However, for residential burglary such an effect is not homogenous across space, and apartment prices in central areas are often less discounted by being exposed to crime than those in the city's outskirts.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lundequist, Per, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Regionalizing 'Mode 2'? : The adoption of Centres of Excellence in Swedish resarch policy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0435-3684 .- 1468-0467. ; 92B:3, s. 263-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article contributes to the ongoing debate on the role of university research for innovation and economic growth, a debate highly influenced by concepts such as Mode 2 and regional innovation systems and clusters. A prominent trend in many EU and OECD countries is to direct research funding towards so-called Centres of Excellence (CoEs) in order to stimulate the industrial output of scientific research. The implementation of the CoE approach is viewed as an attempt to bridge research and innovation policy. By using Sweden as an example and providing an overview and critical discussion concerning Swedish research policy during the period 2001 to 2007 we show that the rhetoric within research policy has changed and become increasingly intertwined with innovation policy. In practice, however, this is not as evident. The study draws on (a) an analysis of policy literature pointing out regulatory and organizational changes concerning the increasing emphasis on linking research to competitive industrial milieus, and (b) a comprehensive database including 110 CoEs, presenting a detailed picture of university-industry collaboration, cross-disciplinarity, and prioritized sectors. We fiind that the CoEs account for a relatively small share of government funding, but may however have a strengthening impact on particular research milieus and industries, especially in the life sciences. Additionally, although contemporary policy rhetoric appears to highlight steering funding to geographically-concentrated milieus, thereby linking leading university research to regional industrial clusters, this has only been manifested in a few cases – notably in the Vinnväxt programme run by Vinnova, the national agency promoting innovation systems.
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| 9. |
- Nobuoka, Jakob, 1977-
(författare)
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User Innovation and Creative Consumption in Japanese Culture Industries : The Case of Akihabara, Tokyo
- 2010
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0435-3684 .- 1468-0467. ; 92B:3, s. 205-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The consumption and export of material and immaterial commodities basedupon Japanese popular culture is rapidly growing and continually finds new fans all aroundthe world. In this article, it is suggested that some of the competitiveness of these uniquecultural phenomena can be traced to the very dense and vivid area of Akihabara in Tokyo. Itslong history as an electronic retail district and a more recent influx of firms and shops focusedon popular culture has created a strong place brand that continues to mark Akihabara as thecapital of Japanese cultural industries. It is a space where different consumers, specialist subculturesand firms and their products can interact. The area functions as a hub were ideas andvalues are exchanged, tested and promoted. The article argues that research on innovationmilieus must take account of the role of users and their relation to place.
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| 10. |
- Power, Dominic, 1973-
(författare)
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The difference principle? Shaping competitive advantage in the cultural product industries
- 2010
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0435-3684 .- 1468-0467. ; 92:2, s. 145-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article argues that due to the endless substitution possibilities open to consumers of cultural products, firms’ competitive advantage rests as much upon positionality and differentiation as upon traditional forms of intellectual property such as copyrights and trademarks. However, the construction of positionality and differentiation may entail geographies and milieus other than associated with product origination and creation. The article suggests that existing models of regional growth and innovation systems must, and can, be adapted to fit firms and sectors where competitiveness is not only based on traditional types of intellectual property (such as copyrights or patents) but also differential property (such as marketplace positionality). The idea of regional systems supportive of differentiation (and market positionality) means we must reappraise some of our notions of what constitute supportive regional conditions. To this end a revised version of the cluster model of regional competitive advantage is presented: one which attempts to be more tailored to industries where intellectual property and differentiation are the core products.
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