| 1. |
- Andersson Arntén, Ann-Christine, 1954, et al.
(author)
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Police Personnel Affective Profiles : Differences in Perceptions of the Work Climate and Motivation
- 2016
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In: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. - : Springer. - 0882-0783 .- 1936-6469. ; 31:1, s. 2-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The affective profile model was used to investigate individual differences in police personnel perceptions about the working climate and its influences on motivation. The Positive Affect, Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) was used to assign police personnel, sworn and non-sworn (N = 595), to four affective profiles: self-fulfilling, low affective, high affective, and self-destructive. The work climate was assessed using the Learning Climate Questionnaire (Management Relations and Style, Time, Autonomy and Responsibility, Team Style, Opportunities to Develop, Guidelines on How to do the Job, and Contentedness). Motivation was evaluated using a modified version (to refer specifically to the individual’s work situation) of the Situational Motivation Scale (intrinsic motivation, external regulation, identified regulation, and amotivation). Self-fulfilling individuals scored higher on all work climate dimensions compared to the other three groups. Compared to low positive affect profiles, individuals with profiles of high positive affect scored higher in intrinsic motivation and identified regulation. Self-destructive individuals scored higher in amotivation. Different aspects of the work climate were related to each motivation dimension among affective profiles. Police personnel may react to their work environment depending on their affective profile. Moreover, the extent to which the work influences police personnel’s motivation is also related to the affective profile of the individual. © 2015, The Author(s).
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| 2. |
- Arnetz, Bengt B, et al.
(author)
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Trauma resiliency training for police : psychophysiological and performance effects
- 2009
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In: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0882-0783 .- 1936-6469. ; 24:1, s. 1-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this study is to test the effects of police trauma resilience training on stress and performance during a critical incident police work simulation. Rookie police officers (N = 18) participated in a randomized trial of a 10-week imagery and skills training program versus training as usual. Twelve months later, psychophysiological stress and police work performance were assessed during a live critical incident simulation. Training resulted in significantly less negative mood, less heart rate reactivity, a larger increase in antithrombin, and better police performance compared to controls. Trends for cortisol and self-reported stress also suggested benefits of training. This novel training program is a promising paradigm for improving police well-being, stress resiliency, and optimizing job performance.
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| 3. |
- Emsing, Mikael, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Police Conflict Management : A Scoping Review
- 2024
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In: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. - : Springer Nature. - 0882-0783 .- 1936-6469.
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Police officers frequently interact with the public, and many of these interactions involve some form of conflict. As professionals, and representatives of the state, police officers are expected to handle these conflicts in a professional and just manner to maintain positive relationships with the public. Therefore, solid conflict management skills are necessary for any officer in a democratic society. The present scoping review examines the current state of research on police involved conflicts and conflict management in a police context. Results indicate that a majority of the studies have been conducted in the USA and that many of these studies focus on use of force rather than effective conflict management strategies and methods. The study further indicates a number of methodological difficulties in researching this important area of policing, including difficulties in obtaining data as well as a lack of unified definitions of concepts and methods.
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| 4. |
- Espevik, Roar, Professor, et al.
(author)
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Police Dyads Within an Operational Simulation : an Empirical Test of the Research Propositions Made in the “Big Five” Teamwork Approach
- 2022
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In: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0882-0783 .- 1936-6469. ; 37, s. 844-855
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Based on the impact of the theoretical big five of teamwork model proposed by Salas et al. (2005), the present study aimed at investigating the model within an operational police simulation. One hundred and sixty-seven frontline police officers participated in the study. Based on path analyses, a reduced model excluding trust and leadership obtained a good fit with the data.The results provided some support for the model by confirming six out of 10 proposed direct effects and four out of seven indirect pathways. Shared mental models directly affected team adaptability, and backup behavior affects adaptability and team effectiveness. Team orientation affects mutual performance monitoring and backup behavior, and finally, reciprocal monitoring affects backup behavior. Monitoring influenced both team effectiveness and adaptability through backup behavior. Two paths from team orientation towards effectiveness were found. One flowing through monitoring and another through back-up behavior. Our study expands former knowledge of the big five theory by empirically testing the totality of the model and identifying important pathways.
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| 5. |
- Fahsing, Ivar, et al.
(author)
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In Search of Indicators of Detective Aptitude: Police Recruits’ Logical Reasoning and Ability to Generate Investigative Hypotheses
- 2018
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In: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0882-0783 .- 1936-6469. ; 33:1, s. 21-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous psychological research on criminal investigation has not systematically addressed the role of deductive and inductive reasoning skills in decision-making in detectives. This study examined the relationship between these skills derived from a cognitive ability test used for police recruitment and test scores from an investigative reasoning skills task (Fahsing and Ask 2016). Newly recruited students at the Norwegian Police University College (N = 166) were presented with two semi-fictitious missing-person cases and were asked to report all relevant hypotheses and necessary investigative actions in each case. The quality of participants’ responses was gauged by comparison with a gold standard established by a panel of senior police experts. The scores from the deductive and inductive reasoning test were not related to participants’ performance on the investigative reasoning task. However, the presence or absence of an investigative “tipping-point” (i.e. arrest decision) in the two cases was systematically associated with participants’ ability to generate investigative hypotheses. Methodological limitations and implications for police recruitment and criminal investigative practice are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Ghazinour, Seyedmehdi, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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An investigation of mental health and personality in Swedish police trainees upon entry to the Police Academy
- 2010
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In: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0882-0783 .- 1936-6469. ; 25:1, s. 34-42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed at personality and mental health status of Swedish police trainees considering gender differences; and at relationships between personality and mental health. 103 individuals were investigated by means of the SCL-90-R and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) upon entry to the police academy. By contrast, the police trainees were mentally much healthier than individuals from the general population. They reported low Harm Avoidance and their character dimensions were more developed in terms of strength, responsibility and reliability. Harm Avoidance (positively) and Self-Directedness (negatively) were found to be associated with all facets of psychopathology. The good mental health and mature personality characteristics reported by trainees, particularly the females, suggest that they have the strength to master the stressful situations which they will face in their professional lives. In order to prevent possible psychological disturbances later in life, due to the high level of distress in their work, the development of trainees’ personality in terms of particular coping skills should be regarded as an integral part of their professional training at the police academy.
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| 7. |
- Hansson, Jonas, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Situation awareness in tactical police interventions
- 2024
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In: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. - : Springer Nature. - 0882-0783 .- 1936-6469.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In extreme situations, the police have limited time to react when a threat or a situation arises suddenly. Situation awareness has been identified as a key factor for success in how tactical decisions are made. This helps the police to perform secure and legally correct interventions and decisions. We collected the primary data from 21 interviews with police officers, supplemented by literature and documents. We analyzed the relationship between tactical methods and situation awareness. The purpose of the article is to explore the relationship between police tactics and police officers’ work with situation awareness. Situation awareness has been studied through the lens of the Swedish police general tactical explanation model. We discuss how the general tactical explanation model provides the conditions for the police officers’ explanations to achieve situation awareness. We conclude that if the general tactical explanation model is applied during tactical interventions there are better possibilities to achieve situation awareness.
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| 8. |
- Hansson, Jonas, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Swedish Police Officers' Job Strain, Work-Related Social Support and General Mental Health
- 2017
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In: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. - : Springer. - 0882-0783 .- 1936-6469. ; 32:2, s. 128-137
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigated the association between psychosocial job characteristics and general mental health among police officers and the extent to which social support at work plays a role in this association. The findings are based on a cross-sectional survey. A written questionnaire was assessed by 714 police officers volunteered to participate in the study. The participants completed a series of validated instruments assessing job demand, control and social support at work (JDCS); general mental health (GHQ); and sociodemographic characteristics. High job strain was associated with low levels of work-related social support. Moreover, poor mental health was associated with low levels of work-related social support, active work and high job strain. The joint effect of high job strain and low levels of work-related social support had a significant effect on poor mental health. Work-related social support buffered job strain to some extent. Workforce health promotion policies should attempt to reduce job strain and emphasise the importance of work-related social support. Knowledge about police officers' general mental health and policymakers' support for police officers may have positive effects on the performance of the police force.
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| 9. |
- Luke, Timothy J., et al.
(author)
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Training in the Strategic Use of Evidence technique: Improving deception detection accuracy of American law enforcement officers
- 2016
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In: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0882-0783 .- 1936-6469. ; 31:4, s. 270-278
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2016, Society for Police and Criminal Psychology.The Strategic Use of Evidence (SUE) approach is a framework for planning and executing suspect interviews with the aim of facilitating judgments of truth and deception. US law enforcement officers (N = 59) either received training in the SUE approach or did not. Each officer interviewed a mock suspect (N = 59) who had either committed a simulated security breach or had completed a benign task. The officers who received SUE training interviewed in line with the training: They questioned the suspect systematically, withheld the evidence and critical case information until after questioning, and relied on statement-evidence inconsistency to detect deceit. Consequently, SUE-trained interviewers achieved a higher deception detection accuracy rate (65%) compared to untrained interviewers (43%).
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| 10. |
- M, Sorochinski, et al.
(author)
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Interviewing to detect deception: When to disclose the evidence?
- 2014
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In: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0882-0783 .- 1936-6469. ; 29:2, s. 87-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research shows that there are few objective cues to deception. However, it may be possible to create such cues by strategic interviewing techniques. Strategic Use of Evidence (SUE) is one such technique. The basic premise of the SUE technique is that liars and truth tellers employ different counter-interrogation strategies, and that the evidence against the suspect can be used to exploit these differences in strategies. This study examined the effect of the timing of evidence disclosure (early vs. late vs. gradual) on verbal cues to deception. We predicted that late disclosure would be most effective in differentiating between liars and truth-tellers, and that cues to deception in the gradual disclosure condition would progressively disappear due to the suspects’ realization that evidence against them exists. That is, we expected that liars in the gradual presentation condition would become more consistent with the evidence over time. A sample of 86 undergraduate students went through a mock-terrorism paradigm (half innocent, half guilty), and were subsequently interviewed using one of three disclosure strategies: early, gradual, and late disclosure. We measured statement-evidence inconsistencies as cues to deception . Results supported our predictions in that cues to deception were most pronounced in the late disclosure condition. Contrary to our expectations, the results suggested that presenting the evidence gradually may put innocent suspects at a higher risk of misclassification as they seem to adopt a strategy that is more similar to guilty suspects.
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