| 1. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Increased realism in eyewitness confidence judgements: The effect of dyadic collaboration
- 2003
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 17:5, s. 545-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated to what extent, and under what circumstances, pair collaboration influences the realism in eyewitness confidence in event memory. The participants first saw a short film clip and then confidence rated their answers to questions on its content. A condition (the Individual-Pair condition) where individual effort preceded pair collaboration showed better calibration compared with a condition (the Simple Pair condition) where no individual effort took place. Furthermore, within the Individual-Pair condition, better calibration, and lower overconfidence, were found in the pair phase compared with the individual phase. The eyewitnesses in the Individual-Pair condition made more realistic judgements of the total number of questions answered correctly. In a control experiment no effect on realism in confidence was found when individuals performed the same task twice. The improved realism in the Individual-Pair condition may partly be explained in terms of the increased accuracy and lowered confidence found for such items where the pair members' had given different answers in the individual phase, and by a risky shift effect for such items where they had given the same answer. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
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| 2. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Increased realism in eyewitness confidence judgments : The effect of dyadic collaboration
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 17:5, s. 545-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated to what extent, and under what circumstances, pair collaboration influences the realism in eyewitness confidence in event memory. The participants first saw a short film clip and then confidence rated their answers to questions on its content. A condition (the Individual–Pair condition) where individual effort preceded pair collaboration showed better calibration compared with a condition (the Simple Pair condition) where no individual effort took place. Furthermore, within the Individual–Pair condition, better calibration, and lower overconfidence, were found in the pair phase compared with the individual phase. The eyewitnesses in the Individual–Pair condition made more realistic judgements of the total number of questions answered correctly. In a control experiment no effect on realism in confidence was found when individuals performed the same task twice. The improved realism in the Individual–Pair condition may partly be explained in terms of the increased accuracy and lowered confidence found for such items where the pair members’ had given different answers in the individual phase, and by a risky shift effect for such items where they had given the same answer.
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| 3. |
- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Repeated Interrogations: Verbal and Non-verbal Cues to Deception
- 2002
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 16, s. 243-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major aim of this study was to investigate to what extent verbal and non-verbal features of liars’ and truth-tellers’ behaviour change during the course of repeated interrogations. After seeing a staged event, 24 suspects (12 liars and 12 truth-tellers) were interrogated three times over a period of 11 days. In terms of the non-verbal features, and in line with our prediction, we found that the liars displayed significantly fewer smiles, self-manipulations, pauses, and less gaze aversion than truthtellers. Furthermore, over time the initial differences between liars’ and truth-tellers’ non-verbal behaviour increased for smiles, gaze aversion and pauses. In addition, we found that the cue ‘richness of detail’—the most indicative verbal marker for truth as given in previous research—had no discriminative power at any of the interrogation sessions. Finally, and in contrast to beliefs held by supposed expert lie-catchers (e.g. judges and police officers), truthful and deceptive statements were found to be equally consistent over time. The psycho-legal implications of the above findings are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Hygge, Staffan
(författare)
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Classroom experiments on the effects of different noise sources and sound levels on long-term recall and recognition in children
- 2003
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 17:8, s. 895-914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A total of 1358 children aged 12-14 years participated in ten noise experiments in their ordinary classrooms and were tested for recall and recognition of a text exactly one week later. Single and combined noise sources were presented for 15 min at 66 dBA L-eq (equivalent noise level). Single source presentations of aircraft and road traffic noise were also presented at 55 dBA L-eq. Data were analysed between subjects since the first within-subjects analysis revealed a noise after-effect or a asymmetric transfer effect. Overall, there was a strong noise effect on recall, and a smaller, but significant effect on recognition. In the single-source studies, aircraft and road traffic noise impaired recall at both noise levels. Train noise and verbal noise did not affect recognition or recall. Some of the pairwise combinations of aircraft noise with train or road traffic, with one or the other as the dominant source, interfered with recall and recognition. Item difficulty, item position and ability did not interact with the noise effect. Arousal, distraction, perceived effort, and perceived difficulty in reading and learning did not mediate the effects on recall and recognition.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Strömwall, Leif, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Affecting the Perception of Verbal Cues to Deception
- 2003
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 17, s. 35-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important but overlooked factor in deception detection research is how the perception of verbal cues to deception can be affected by situational factors. This study examined how participants’ (N¼200) perceptions were influenced by presentation mode (Experiments 1 and 2) and repeated exposure/assessment (Experiment 3). As predicted, presentation mode affected the perception of several verbal cues. Participants who watched a videotaped testimony rated the degree of the cues richness of detail, completeness, logical structure and plausibility, higher than those who read the transcript of the same testimony. Furthermore, repeated exposure to the testimony, in combination with repeated assessments, lowered the participants’ ratings of the verbal cues. People’s perception of the verbal content of a testimony can thus be affected by situational factors. The results are discussed in psycho-legal terms.
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| 8. |
- Strömwall, Leif, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing children's statements: The impact of a repeated experience on CBCA and RM ratings
- 2004
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Ingår i: APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 18:6, s. 653-668:18, s. 653-668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the extent to which the Criteria-based Content Analysis (CBCA) technique and the Reality Monitoring (RM) technique were affected by the number of times children had experienced or imagined an event. Children (age 10-13, N =87 ) participated in an experiment where half the sample experienced a health examination (either one or four times), and the other half imagined (either one or four times) that they took part in a health examination. One week after the final occasion, the children were interviewed. The results showed that RM was sensitive to both the authenticity of the statements (increased presence of the criteria for real events) and whether the event had been repeatedly experienced/imagined (increased presence of the criteria for the repeated actions). The CBCA did not successfully distinguish the real from the imagined.
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| 9. |
- Hanoch, Yaniv, et al.
(författare)
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The ‘wicked’ and the ‘kind’
- 2003
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080. ; 17, s. 121-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Lundqvist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychological aspects of driving after a stroke : in the simulator and on the road
- 2000
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - 0888-4080. ; 14:2, s. 135-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirty patients with stroke and 30 matched controls participated in the study (mean age 68 years, mean interval since stroke onset 8.6 months). The patients performed significantly worse on cognitive and attentional processing measured by a neuropsychological test battery. The patients had significantly greater difficulty in allocating processing resources to a secondary information processing task during driving in an advanced simulator. The patients performed worse driving in real traffic, and had less driving skill; fifty per cent did not pass the driving test. The neuropsychological test battery showed a pattern with three factors: (1) attentional processing (2) executive capacity, and (3) cognitive processing. Regression models based on simulator driving variables and neuropsychological test variables respectively, overall classified correctly in 85% and 83% of the cases with respect to driving skill. Decreased cognitive and attentional processing were suggested to be associated with an overall speed impairment.
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