| 1. |
- Chérif, Lobna, et al.
(författare)
-
Multitasking in the military : Cognitive consequences and potential solutions
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 32:4, s. 429-439
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multitasking-the performance of several tasks at the same time-is becoming increasingly prevalent in workplaces. Multitasking is known to disrupt performance, particularly in complex and dynamic situations, which is exactly what most military occupations entail. Because military errors can be consequential, the detrimental impact of multitasking on cognitive functioning in such contexts should be taken seriously. This review pertains to high-consequence military occupations that require strong multitasking skills. More specifically, it highlights cognitive challenges arising from different forms of multitasking and discusses their underlying cognitive processes. Because such challenges are not expected to diminish, this review proposes context-relevant solutions to decrease occupational workload, either by reducing the cognitive load ensuing from the to-be-performed tasks or by improving soldiers' multitasking abilities. To ensure effective implementation of these solutions, we stress the need to design context-adapted tools and procedures, and to guide human resource managers in developing particular strategies.
|
|
| 2. |
- Deeb, Haneen, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Visuospatial Counter-Interrogation Strategies by Liars Familiar with the Alibi Setting
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 32:1, s. 105-116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines counter-interrogation strategies employed by liars giving false alibis. Participants (N =144) visited a restaurant to buy a sandwich (truth-tellers) or to use it as a false alibi (liars). Half of the liars were informed they might be asked for a drawing of the alibi setting if interviewed (informed liars). Participants spent either 10 minutes (high familiarity condition) or 30 seconds (low familiarity condition) in the restaurant. All participants were asked to provide two visuospatial statements, which were assessed for salient details, non-salient details, between-statement consistency, and statement-alibi setting consistency. Informed liars provided significantly more salient and non-salient details than uninformed liars and truth-tellers, particularly in the high familiarity condition. No differences emerged for statement consistency types. The results suggest that liars are more concerned than truth tellers about making a positive impression on the interviewer, and they fail to accurately reflect on truth-tellers’ visuospatial statements
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Alcohol intoxicated witnesses' interpretation of social behavior in intimate partner violence
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 33:4, s. 468-479
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Alcohol intoxication affects social information processing, though research is scarce regarding how alcohol affected eyewitnesses' perception of social interaction within an applied forensic context. In the present study, the effects of alcohol intoxication on eyewitnesses' perception of interaction in intimate partner violence (IPV) were investigated. The participants (n=152) were randomized to an experimental (alcohol) or control group (juice). After consumption, they viewed a filmed IPV scenario where both interacting parties were confrontational. Afterwards, they rated the involved parties' behavior. Several behaviors were perceived in a similar manner by intoxicated and sober participants, but intoxicated participants perceived both parties' attacking behaviors and some of the man's prosocial behaviors differently than sober participants. Hence, alcohol affected some, but not all, kinds of social behaviors investigated in the present study. This would be of interest to legal praxis and to future studies on intoxicated witnesses to interpersonal violence.
|
|
| 5. |
- Höffler, Tim N., et al.
(författare)
-
More Evidence for Three Types of Cognitive Style : Validating the Object-Spatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire Using Eye Tracking when Learning with Texts and Pictures
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 31:1, s. 109-115
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is some indication that people differ regarding their visual and verbal cognitive style. The Object‐Spatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire (OSIVQ) assumes a three‐dimensional cognitive style model, which distinguishes between object imagery, spatial imagery and verbal dimensions. Using eye tracking as a means to observe actual gaze behaviours when learning with text–picture combinations, the current study aims to validate this three‐dimensional assumption by linking the OSIVQ to learning behaviour. The results largely confirm the model in that they show the expected correlations between results on the OSIVQ, visuo‐spatial ability and learning behaviour. Distinct differences between object visualizers, spatial visualizers and verbalizers could be demonstrated.
|
|
| 6. |
- Izotovas, Aleksandras, et al.
(författare)
-
Facilitating memory-based lie detection in immediate and delayed interviewing: The role of mnemonics
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 32:5, s. 561-574
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. We experimentally investigated how different mnemonic techniques employed in an interview conducted immediately after an event affected truth tellers' and liars' responses when they were interviewed again after a 2-week delay. We also compared how verbal accounts changed over time within truth tellers and liars, and how consistent both groups were. Participants (n=143) were shown a mock intelligence operation video and instructed either to tell the truth or lie about its contents in two interviews, one of which was immediately after watching the video and the other after a 2-week delay. In the immediate interview, they were asked to provide a free recall and then asked to provide further information via one of three mnemonics: context reinstatement, sketch, or event-line. In the delayed interview, they were asked to provide only a free recall. Truth tellers reported more visual, spatial, temporal, and action details than did liars both immediately and after a delay. Truth tellers experienced more of a decline in reporting details after a delay than did liars, and this decline was affected by the mnemonic used. Truth tellers thus showed, more than liars, patterns of reporting indicative of genuine memory decay. Liars produced patterns of a “stability bias” instead. Truth tellers and liars were equally consistent between their immediate and delayed statements.
|
|
| 7. |
- Keus van de Poll, Marijke, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
-
Disruption of writing by background speech : Does sound source location and number of voices matter?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 33:4, s. 537-543
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is not unusual that people have to write in an environment where background speech is present. Background speech can vary in both speech intelligibility and location of the sound source. Earlier research has shown disruptive effects of background speech on writing performance. To expand and reinforce this knowledge, the present study investigated the role of number of voices and sound source location in the relation between background speech and writing performance. Participants wrote texts in quiet or in background speech consisting of one or seven voices talking simultaneously located in front of or behind them. Overall, one voice was more disruptive than seven voices talking simultaneously. Self-reports showed that sound from the front was more disruptive compared with sound from behind. Results are in line with theory of interference-by-process, attentional capture, and the cross-modal theory of attention. The relevance of the results for open-office environments is discussed.
|
|
| 8. |
- Keus van de Poll, Marijke, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of task interruption and background speech on word processed writing
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 30:3, s. 430-439
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Task interruptions and background speech, both part of the everyday situation in office environments, impair cognitive performance. The current experiments explored the combined effects of background speech and task interruptions on word processed writing-arguably, a task representative of office work. Participants wrote stories, in silence or in the presence of background speech (monologues, halfalogues and dialogues), and were occasionally interrupted by a secondary task. Writing speed was comparably low during the immediate period after the interruption (Experiments 1 and 2); it took 10-15s to regain full writing speed. Background speech had only a small effect on performance (Experiment 1), but a dialogue was more disruptive than a halfalogue (Experiment 2). Background speech did not add to the cost caused by task interruptions. However, subjective measures suggested that speech, just as interruptions, contributed to perceived workload. The findings are discussed in view of attentional capture and interference-by-process mechanisms.
|
|
| 9. |
- Lau-Zhu, Alex, et al.
(författare)
-
Selective Association Between Tetris Game Play and Visuospatial Working Memory : A Preliminary Investigation
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : WILEY. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 31:4, s. 438-445
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent experimental and clinical research has suggested that Tetris game play can disrupt maladaptive forms of mental imagery because Tetris competes for limited cognitive resources within visuospatial working memory (WM) that contribute to imagery. Whether or not Tetris performance is selectively associated with visuospatial WM remains to be tested. In this study, young adults (N = 46) completed six standardized measures indexing verbal and non-verbal reasoning, verbal and visuospatial short-term memory, and verbal and visuospatial WM. They also played Tetris. Consistent with the hypothesis that visuospatial WM resources support Tetris game play, there was a significant moderate positive relationship between Tetris scores and visuospatial WM performance but no association with other cognitive ability measures. Findings suggest that Tetris game play involves both storage and processing resources within visuospatial WM. These preliminary results can inform interventions involving computer games to disrupt the development of maladaptive visual imagery, for example, intrusive memories of trauma.Copyright (c) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
|
| 10. |
- Ljung, Robert, et al.
(författare)
-
Distraction of Counting by the Meaning of Background Speech : Are Spatial Memory Demands a Prerequisite?
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 29:4, s. 584-591
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reexamines the effects of background speech on counting. Previous studies have shown that background sound disrupts counting in comparison with silence, but the magnitude of disruption is no larger for spoken numbers compared with that for non-number speech (there is no effect of the meaning of background speech). The typical task used previously has been to count the number of sequentially presented visual events. We replicated the general finding in Experiment 1—that there is no effect of the meaning of background speech—in the context of the classic sequence counting task. In Experiment 2, the task was changed by having to-be-counted dots presented simultaneously and randomly across the visual field. Here, an effect attributable to the meaning of background speech emerged. Background speech that is similar in meaning to the focal task process contributes to the magnitude of disruption, but apparently only when spatial memory processes are a task prerequisite.
|
|
