| 1. |
- Andersson, C, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation and incorporation of microcapsules in functional coatings for self-healing of packaging board
- 2009
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Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 22:5, s. 275-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The replacement of flexible polyolefin barrier layers with novel, thin, functional polymer coatings in the production of paperboard packaging involves the risk of deteriorated barrier and mechanical properties during the converting process. Local defects or cracks in the protective barrier layer can arise because of the stress induced in creasing and folding operations. In this study, the incorporation of microencapsulated self-healing agents in coating formulations applied both by spot- and uniform-coating techniques was studied. The preparation process of microcapsules with a hydrophobic core surrounded by a hydrophobically modified polysaccharide membrane in aqueous suspension was developed to obtain capsules fulfilling both the criteria of small capsule size and reasonably high solids content to match the requirements set on surface treatment of paperboard for enhancement of packaging functionality. The survival of the microcapsules during application and their effectiveness as self-healing agents were investigated. The results showed a reduced tendency for deteriorated barrier properties and local termination of cracks formed upon creasing. The self-healing mechanism involves the rupture of microcapsules local to the applied stress, with subsequent release of the core material. Crack propagation is hindered by plasticization of the underlying coating layer, while the increased hydrophobicity helps to maintain the barrier properties.
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| 2. |
- Bramklev, Caroline
(författare)
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On a Proposal for a Generic Package Development Process
- 2009
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Ingår i: Packaging Technology and Science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 22:3, s. 171-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Globalization pressures have today inflicted significant changes in the way industrial enterprises are organized and how products are developed, manufactured and brought to market. A common denominator in many of these enterprises is the utilization of an organizational structure based on networks composed of divisions and supplier companies dispersed all over the world. ln these global enterprises the handling, transportation and storage of parts, subassemblies and final products creates an inner and an outer market, demanding in time and error-free deliveries to lowest possible costs and with a minimal impact on the environment. In order to successfully fulfil these demands it is necessary to focus not only on logistically related issues, but also to make sure that the Product-Package-System, the PPS for short, is developed in the most efficiently and effectively way possible. Since very few products are truly life cycle adapted, most products need supportive functions during part(s) of their life cycle - ranging from extensive systems of primary, secondary and tertiary packages to a simple wrapping or chemical surface protection. When a package is needed, considerations are seldom made to it during the actual development of the product see Bramklev (2004). In a proposal aiming at facilitating the fulfilment of the demands for an efficient and effective development of the PPS, Bjärnemo et al. (2000) suggested a development process for the integration of packaging logistics into the product development process. By adopting the proposed integration concept, the multidisciplinary product and packaging development team is given the freedom of allocating essential functions between product and package, thus making it possible to, in a most effective and efficient way, fulfilling the demands set out for a given PPS — something unattainable in the traditional, sequential, development of product and package. In three surveys, performed within the mechanical, food and pharmaceutical industries, Bramklev (2004) verified the interest and expectations in industry for the proposed integration concept. Note that these surveys, carried out as interviews, solely focused on the interest from the product manufacturing industries to integrate package development into their product development processes. The reason for not including the package manufacturing industries at this stage was simply the fact that these traditionally array themselves the role of supplier, thus entrust the initiative of cooperation to the product manufacturing industries. This somewhat passive role of the package manufacturing industry is an inevitable consequence of the predominant practice in the collaboration between the product manufacturing and the package manufacturing industries. From the surveys it was found that the initial definition and specifications of the package was frequently performed by the product development team/staff during the later parts of the product development process. In some of the companies, the production staff performed these tasks. After having defined and specified the package, the package manufacturing supplier was engaged to carry out the subsequent development and manufacturing of the package. Resulting from the confirmation of the validity of the integration concept - see Bramklev (2004), the second stage of the research project have been initiated, with the overall objective to develop an industrially implementable process model for the integration of product and package development. One of the cornerstones in achieving this goal is the access to a model of the package development process well adapted for integration into the product development process. The objective set out for research results presented here is to: Account for the development of a generic package development process which facilitates the establishment of the proposed integration concept and which also provides a more proactive and holistic approach to the development of new and innovative packages for the global market.
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| 3. |
- Dominic, Chris
(författare)
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Integrating Packaging Suppliers into the Supply/Demand Chain
- 2005
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Ingår i: Packaging Technology and Science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 18, s. 151-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results from qualitative studies done on leading edge companies in Supply/Demand Chain Management in Sweden. The aim of the study is to create a knowledge base, identify the Network Integrators, and with reference to previous studies conducted in the packaging industry, analyse the development for packaging suppliers.
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| 4. |
- Gallstedt, M., et al.
(författare)
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Packagin-related properties of protein- and chitosan-coated paper
- 2005
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Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 18:4, s. 161-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanical and gas-barrier properties of paper and paperboard coated with chitosan-acetic acid salt (chitosan), whey protein isolate, whey protein concentrate and wheat gluten protein were studied. Paper sheets were solution-coated using a hand applicator. In addition, bi-layer composites of wheat gluten and paper or paperboard were produced by compression moulding, and the chitosan solution was also applied on paperboard using curtain coating. Young's modulus, fracture stress, fracture strain, tearing strength, air permeance and oxygen permeability were assessed. The mechanical and air permeance measurements of solution-coated paper showed that chitosan was the most effective coating on a coat weight basis. This was due to its high viscosity, which limited the degree of penetration into the paper. ne proteins, however, also enhanced the strength and toughness of the paper. Compression-moulded wheat gluten/paper or paperboard, as well as curtain-coated chitosan paperboard laminates, showed oxygen barrier properties comparable to those of paper and paperboard coated with commercial barrier materials. None of the composites could be delaminated without fibre rupture, indicating good adhesion between the coatings and the substrates.
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| 5. |
- Gidlöf, Veronica
(författare)
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In Press Conditions and its Effect on Runnability and Convertability in Digital Package Printing
- 2005
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Ingår i: Packaging Technology and Science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 18:4, s. 189-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major advantage of digital printing is that printing can be performed ondemand, but as all printing techniques it suffers from its specific runnability problems. This study reports on an investigation of problems during printing and how to improve the runnability, with the aim of pointing out the most critical factors. Test printing has been performed on three different paperboard types in digital print units based on both dry and liquid toner electrophotographic technology. Results show that the three main problems during printing were; feeding in sheet fed print units, cutting in web fed print units and increasing curl after printing. Feeding problems in sheet fed print units were mainly explained by curl and varying format size of the paperboard, but also by exceeding thicknesses limits for the press. Curl after printing principally occurred due to high temperature loads caused by, for example, fusing and conditioning.
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| 6. |
- Hellström, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Packaging and logistics interactions in retail supply chains
- 2007
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Ingår i: Packaging Technology & Science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 20:3, s. 197-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of the packaging system on logistics processes along the supply chain is often implicitly and fragmentally recognized. In order to increase understanding of the impact of packaging on logistics, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the interactions between the packaging system and logistics processes in the retail supply chain. Four case studies involving Swedish and Dutch retail supply chains were conducted to identify, describe and understand in depth the logistics activities related to packaging within these retail supply chains. The comprehensive overview provided in this paper serves as an elementary step towards understanding the role of packaging systems in logistics, which is a prerequisite for taking packaging and logistics decisions based on a supply chain perspective. Moreover, the paper provides a process-orientated description of what a packaging system must fulfil and perform along the retail supply chain. It also provides a means for evaluating packaging systems, with emphasis on logistics aspects. The interactions between the packaging system and the logistics processes identified in this research can be used to bridge the gap between logisticians and packaging engineers/designers/technicians/managers by enabling them to engage in a dialogue and understand where and how packaging and logistics decisions can impact the performance of packaging system and logistics processes in the retail supply chain. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Holmvall, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Print Uniformity of Corrugated Board in Flexo Printing: Effects of Corrugated Board and Halftone Dot Deformations.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 21:7, s. 385-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Print non-uniformity problems are a major concern for flexo post-printers. Many of these non-uniformities are suspected to be caused by the corrugated board structure itself. Striping is the most obvious one, but also other print quality problems might be structure-related. This work focuses on how deformations of the board might lead to print non-uniformities, and if the deformation of halftone dots is the mechanism behind striping in halftone flexo post-printing. The problems were analysed by using finite element models to simulate deformed board and halftone dot compression in the printing nip. Distortions of the board due to non-uniform hygro-thermal strains were shown to be a potential cause of print non-uniformities. Striping in halftone prints was found to be caused by differences in dot gain between ridge and valley areas above the flute structure.
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| 8. |
- Jonhed, Anna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of film forming and hydrophobic properties of starches on surface sized packaging paper
- 2008
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Ingår i: Packaging Technology and Science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 21:3, s. 123-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect on mechanical and barrier properties upon addition of glycerol to temperature-responsive hydrophobically modified (HM) potato starch was studied on free films. The addition of glycerol lowered the glass transition temperature, the storage modulus, and the water vapor permeability (WVP) for the HM starch films. The HM starch phase separates upon cooling below an upper critical temperature into a solid and a liquid phase. Adding glycerol to the warm starch solution had an inhibiting effect on the particulate precipitation. Substrates surface sized with HM starch with various amounts of glycerol were investigated with respect to barrier properties; WVP, contact angle and Cobb values. Hydroxypropylated starch was used as a reference. Cobb values and WVP results on surface-sized substrates indicated that the film formation properties of the starches were of great importance for the final surface properties. Good film formation properties were essential for the gas barrier and water resistance while they were less important for high contact angles. The WVP decreased as the glycerol content of the sizes increased, but no sufficient water vapor barrier could be obtained. The HM starches investigated in this work provided good oxygen barrier and the contact angles indicated a hydrophobic character of the surface. The role of the precipitate was investigated, and surface sizing with the precipitate gave low WVP and high contact angles despite its poor film-forming properties under the experimental conditions. Cobb60 values were slightly improved for HM starch with increasing glycerol content over glycerol-free sizing.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Krook, M., et al.
(författare)
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A study on montmorillonite/polyethylene nanocomposite extrusion-coated paperboard
- 2005
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Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 18:1, s. 11-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extrusion coating was used to obtain montmorillonite/polyethylene-coated paperboard. The coating was prepared from a master batch containing maleated polyethylene, low-density polyethylene and 32 wt.% polyvinylpyrrolidone-surface-modified montmorillonite clay, which was blended with different amounts of low-density polyethylene to yield composites with 4 wt.% and 8.3 wt.% montmorillonite. X-ray diffraction revealed that the clay stacks in the coating were more extensively intercalated than in the original surface-modified clay. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the clay stacks were, to a large extent, separated by the high shear forces during extrusion into smaller evenly distributed entities. This was, unfortunately, achieved at the expense of the formation of a great many voids and pinholes, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy and dye staining. This had strong negative effects on the oxygen barrier properties but only a modest effect on the water vapour permeability. Tensile tests showed that the coating was always ductile and that the coating paperboard adhesion decreased with increasing clay content. The creasability was good and unaffected by the presence of the filler in the coating. Thermogravimetry showed that the degradation temperature in air of the filled coatings were of the order of 10degreesC higher than that of unfilled polyethylene.
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