| 1. |
- Bor, Yasemin, et al.
(författare)
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Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Analysis Reveals Migration of Cyclic Lactide Oligomers from Polylactide Packaging in Contact with Ethanolic Food Simulant
- 2012
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Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 25:7, s. 427-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analysis revealed rapid migration of cyclic oligomers from polylactide (PLA) packaging when stored in contact with 96% ethanol. The mass losses in contact with water, 3% acetic acid, 10% ethanol and isooctane were 3 to 5 times smaller and no migration of cyclic oligomers was observed. The presence of cyclic oligomers in the original PLA films and their solubility in ethanol, thus, explains the rapid mass loss for PLA in contact with ethanolic food simulant. On prolonged ageing no further mass loss was observed in 96% ethanol, whereas mass loss in aqueous food simulants increased because of hydrolysis of PLA matrix or the cyclic oligomers to water-soluble linear products. The mass losses were generally somewhat smaller for the stereocomplex material compared with the poly-l-lactide materials. Similar trend was observed for solvent uptakes, which is easily explained by the higher degree of crystallinity and stronger secondary interactions in the stereocomplex material. The use of ethanol as a fatty food simulant for PLA materials could, thus, lead to overestimation of the overall migration values.
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| 2. |
- Dominic, Chris, 1968-
(författare)
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Supply and demand chain integration: : A case study conducted in the packaging industry
- 2013
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Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; :1, s. 51-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this work was to study the packaging supplier and the integration of integrating packaging suppliers into the supply and demand chain (SDC). The packaging industry has been analyzed using a structured market analysis, and the companies studied have been positioned in an integration model for packaging suppliers. In addition, case studies were conducted to study the development of the packaging industry and its integration within the SDC in the Scandinavian region. The analysis shows that there are gaps in the business relations between the packaging companies studied and the SDC. Most of the packaging suppliers were not integrated into the SDC. Valuable information, available in the network, seldom reaches the packaging supplier who holds the knowledge necessary to create and offer innovative packaging solutions. The article provides an empirical exploration into the field of packaging, logistics and SDC integration and an original conceptual framework that could serve as a theoretical framework for future research work applied in the packaging industry and an interesting business model to the increase understanding of packaging supply chain integration.
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| 3. |
- Hallbäck, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Finite Element Analysis of Hot Melt Adhesive Joints in Carton Board
- 2014
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Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 27:9, s. 701-712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanical behaviour of adhesive joints is critical for the performance of adhesively joined carton board packages. In this work, finite element analyses of hot melt adhesive (HMA) joints in carton board is conducted and compared to experimental results obtained using a Y-peel testing device. The aim of the present study is to analyse the behaviour of adhesive joints tested in the Y-peel testing device using a layered carton board model. The carton board is modelled as a layered structure where the layers are assumed to obey Hill's orthotropic elastic-plastic model, and the interfaces are modelled using a softening orthotropic damage model. The HMA is modelled as isotropic linear elastic, and the influence from a varying elastic modulus of the HMA is explored. It is found that the pre-peak behaviour of the Y-peel force-elongation curves is reasonably well captured by the FE simulations, although the initial stiffness is somewhat too high. Also, the pre-peak behaviour is practically insensitive to changes of the elastic modulus of the HMA. The deformation and delamination pattern obtained in the simulations was compared with microscope pictures taken during the corresponding Y-peel experiments, and it is shown that they conform to the observed behaviour during Y-peel testing at comparable loading levels. However, the delamination opening is somewhat underestimated by the model.
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| 4. |
- Jamialahmadi, Arsalan, et al.
(författare)
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A Proposed Tool to Determine Dynamic Load Distribution between Corrugated Boxes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 24:6, s. 317-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summarizes the dynamic analysis of the interaction of corrugated boxes in transport using a pressure-mapping system. The dynamic contact forces on the contact area between boxes in both vertical and horizontal directions were measured, and the position of the instantaneous centre of force was traced, from which the pitch motion of boxes relative to each other was studied. The level-crossing diagrams of the contact forces show a Rayleigh distribution for the vertical contact and a Gaussian distribution for the horizontal contacts. The contact force and acceleration power spectral density from accelerometers and pressure-mapping system were compared. The results show that a pressure-mapping system is an interesting tool for the analysis of the dynamic performance of systems of corrugated boxes under different stacking and loading conditions.
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| 5. |
- Pousette, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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An extended method to measure overall consumer satisfaction with packaging.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 27:9, s. 727-738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are several reasons why people find it troublesome to use and handle consumer packages. The European Committee for Standardization recently suggested a technical specification (TS) regarding packaging and ease of opening. The present study has expanded the procedure by including consumer satisfaction measurements in two steps and engaging panels comprising two separate age groups. The expanded method, which used six different packages as test objects, engaged 75 panellists, 40 in the older group (65–80 years) and 35 in the younger group (25–40 years). The expanded method not only included the same operations as described in the TS but also included panellists who graded each handling element separately on a 'smiley' scale, along with feedback for their grades and an overall judgement of the package handling.The grading feedback differed between the two groups. The younger panellists mainly noted issues that were not connected to openability, while older panellists noted openability as the most influential factor. Further analysis revealed that openability was also a key issue for the younger panellists, despite their claims to the contrary. Satisfaction was the most critical TS element for describing a package as being easy to open.
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| 6. |
- Pålsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Selection of packaging systems in supply chains from a sustainability perspective – the case of Volvo
- 2013
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Ingår i: Packaging Technology & Science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 26:5, s. 289-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to develop an evaluation model for the selection of packaging systems in supply chains from a sustainability perspective. A theoretical evaluation model for comparing cost efficiency and the environmental impact of packaging systems in supply chains are developed from literature. The model is tested in a case study of a supply chain involving Volvo Car Corporation and Volvo Logistics Corporation, comparing the use of newly developed, one-way packaging with the sustainability of returnable packaging. The model compares the environmental and economic impacts of two packaging systems in a specific supply chain. The criteria used in the model are (i) packaging fill rate, (ii) packaging material, (iii) transport, (iv) material handling, (v) waste handling and (vi) administration. In the case study, the one-way packaging resulted in fewer economic and environmental impacts, thereby indicating the importance for companies to question their packaging systems. The model has been tested on one component in a case study. It provides a comparison of the packaging choices included using comparative, but not absolute, figures for the economic and environmental impacts. Managers can use the model to compare packaging systems for component supply and determine the most sustainable packaging from environmental and economic perspectives. The case study indicated that the returnable packaging system commonly used in the automotive industry is not always preferable in terms of sustainability. The article fulfils the need to evaluate the impact of packaging systems on supply chain sustainability in terms of economic and environmental criteria. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Wikström, Fredrik, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Potential environmental gains from reducing food losses through development of new packaging – a life cycle model.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - Chichester : John Wiley & Sons. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 23:7, s. 403-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The environmental concern and development issues regarding packaging has for 20 years to a high extent been on packaging when it has become waste. To reduce the environmental impact from the whole food packaging system it is also important to develop the packaging’s ability to reduce food waste. In some cases it may be necessary to increase the environmental impact of packaging in order to reduce food waste. In this paper, the environmental impact of packaging and food losses and the balance between the two has been examined for five different food items. The results show that packaging’s that reduce food waste can be an important tool to reduce the total environmental impact, even if there is an increase in impact from the packaging itself. This is especially true for food items where the environ- mental impact of the food is high relative the packaging, for example cheese, and for food items with high losses, for example bread. It is important to analyse the risk of increasing food losses when pack- aging design changes, for example, when the aim is less packaging material, which is the main intention of the packaging and packaging waste directive of the European Union.
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| 8. |
- Östlund, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Paperboard Structure and Processing Conditions on Forming of Complex Paperboard Structures
- 2011
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Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 24:6, s. 331-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiments were made with a laboratory apparatus for forming paper sheets into double-curved structures. The purpose was to learn more about the design criteria for forming of paper materials into complex shapes. The influence of forming parameters such as moisture and temperature was studied, and the performance of some common pulps as raw materials for the paper sheets was evaluated. Papers made from short hardwood fibres performed worse than papers from other pulps, and the method of moisture application was more important than the amount of moisture that was applied.
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| 9. |
- Lewander, Märta, et al.
(författare)
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Non-intrusive measurements of headspace gas composition in liquid food packages made of translucent materials
- 2011
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Ingår i: Packaging Technology & Science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214. ; 24:5, s. 271-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increase in chilled food consumption requires enhanced food safety and quality assurance. Food deteriorating processes are affected by the presence of oxygen, combined with factors such as time and temperature. To slow down deterioration processes and prolong shelf life, traditional packaging methods are being replaced by Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP), for example. Oxygen, which is naturally present in the headspace of most food packages, is then reduced and controlled. Many sensing techniques for food quality assurance have been developed; however, almost all are intrusive, increasing the complication level and causing sample waste. The purpose of this article is to introduce a non-intrusive technique (GASMAS) for measuring gas composition in the headspace of liquid food packages. The GASMAS method uses diode laser absorption spectroscopy combined with diffuse light propagation to analyze gas located inside solids and liquids. By illuminating the package from the outside and analyzing the scattered light that emerges, the absorption from the gas inside the headspace can be studied. The GASMAS technique was evaluated on a series of carton packages with high quality orange juice and a nitrogen headspace. A clear variation in oxygen content was measured for samples with different storage times. The results demonstrate the possibility of using the GASMAS method for non-intrusive quality measurements in food products and packaging. They also indicate the potential for non-intrusive quality assurance applications without waste of samples. A further development of the technique could include “in-line” quality control of packed food items throughout the food packaging supply chain.
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| 10. |
- Prebensen, N. K., et al.
(författare)
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Coping and co-creating in tourist experiences
- 2011
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Ingår i: The international journal of tourism research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1099-2340 .- 1522-1970. ; 13:1, s. 54-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research explores how a tourist copes and co-creates experiences in various situations and with various people during a vacation. Tourist experiences are explored in social (service provider and other consumers) and physical encounters ('servicescape'). The study reveals examples of coping and co-creation strategies and the subsequent effects on tourist evaluations. The present work provides personal experiences and a diary as methods. The study proposes ways of dealing with tourist coping and co-creating strategies.
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