| 1. |
- Carli Lorenzini, Giana, et al.
(författare)
-
Medication packaging and older patients: a systematic review
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Packaging Technology and Science. - : Wiley. - 1099-1522 .- 0894-3214. ; 30:8, s. 525-558
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global challenges posed by demographic change call for more senior-friendly medication packaging. This paper presents a comprehensive integrated view and synthesis of the literature on medication packaging and older people. Considering the multidisciplinary nature of the research field, a systematic review was conducted in four databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Medline and Engineering Village), limited to original research studies containing empirical data and English-language papers, published until January 2015. Manual reference mining was carried out for other relevant papers, and a critical appraisal methodology was applied to judge the quality of the papers. In total, 34 studies are fully reviewed and classified according to the main characteristics of the studies, information about older patients and impact of the packaging on medication use. As a result, the review indicates the literature to be fragmented and diverse yet composed of two major interconnected research streams (physical functionality and user capability; medication management) and orientations (packaging; user). The physical functionality and user capability stream of research with a packaging orientation addresses child-resistant containers (CRCs), whereas the user-oriented studies address openability, i.e. the ease of opening the medication. In contrast, the medication management stream of research with a packaging orientation focuses on the adherence outcomes of different package aids, whereas the user-oriented studies focus on the counselling provided by healthcare professionals and coping strategies for older patients to handle the packages. These original findings provide valuable input to researchers and practitioners and offer guidance for the further development of medication packaging.
|
|
| 2. |
- de Koeijer, Bjorn, et al.
(författare)
-
Realizing Product-Packaging Combinations in Circular Systems: Shaping the Research Agenda
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : WILEY. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 30:8, s. 443-460
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent years have shown a shift in the focus of sustainable development from eco-efficiency (minimizing negative impacts) towards eco-effectiveness (optimizing positive impacts). Currently, a focus on circular models can be identified; Cradle to Cradle and circular economy are main examples of such models. However, the current number and variety of models and tools focusing on circular systems are limited with regard to packaging development. This paper explores packaging development models and tools in relation to circular systems, in order to identify the current status of the circularity focus. A range of identified models and tools is structured into two categories (generative and evaluative tools) which cover three types (protocols, diagrams and evaluations). This is in line with the distinction between early and later phases of development and the cumulative nature of environmental lock-in. Protocol-type models and tools come in different forms, such as principles, guidelines and checklists (e.g. Cradle to Cradle and DfE). Aside from these, eight diagram-type models are analysed, focusing on packaging development, sustainable development and sustainable packaging development. In contrast to generative design tools, evaluation-type models and tools (e.g. LCA) are most useful in the later stages of development processes. Resulting from the analysis of the models and tools, three types of integration - integrated product-packaging development, the cross-functional integration of actors and the front-end integration of sustainability considerations - are appropriate for the development of product-packaging combinations for circular systems. This leads to an agenda which shapes research directions towards achieving this development. (C) 2016 The Authors Packaging Technology and Science Published by John Wiley amp; Sons, Ltd.
|
|
| 3. |
- Dominic, Chris A. S., et al.
(författare)
-
Towards a conceptual sustainable packaging development model : A corrugated box case study
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - New York : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 28:5, s. 397-413
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corrugated package designers are focused on balancing the need for product protection, material use efficiency and the packaging material's impact on the environment in the supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual sustainable packaging model that integrates the variables of technical design, supply chain systems and environmental factors and then use the model to identify to improve upon corrugated container design. A model was developed, from the extant literature, and a case study was performed on a corrugated container. This is believed to be a unique integrated model of most relevant agents related to the design and implementation of a corrugated box through a supply chain from design to potential post-consumer reuse. From this study, we found opportunities to improve the environmental design of the corrugated container through four ex ante design stages, and two ex post facto supply chain stages. Further, research can evaluate and refine this model via a 'live supply chain' for use in guiding corrugated box material selection design and reuse/recycling. Integration of the design criterion for a unit load in the supply chain creates opportunity to observe the packaging system holistically. Waste in the manufacturing process and CO2 emissions are traced along the material flow until the end of its useful life to provide an overall picture of the packaging system.
|
|
| 4. |
- Eriksson, Daniel, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
How Small Is a Point Load? : A Preliminary Study of the Deformation and Failure of Cartons Subjected to Non-Uniform Loads
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 30:7, s. 309-316
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consumer packaging made from carton board is subjected to a variety of loads as it moves through the value chain. Packaging designers need tools for predicting the strength of packages under these loading conditions. For evenly distributed loads, there are methods for measuring and estimating compression resistance that can provide useful guidance. For loads concentrated to a small area, little work has been published. The aim of this preliminary study is to aid the development of a future test method for point loads by investigating how the size of the load application site influences the mechanical behaviour of the package. Rigid spheres of a range of sizes were used to compress packages. Small spheres gave rise primary damage in the form of a vertical yield line and secondary damage in the form of a parabolic yield line. Larger spheres produced a series of parabolic yield lines of increasing size. No vertical yield line appeared for the larger spheres. The larger spheres showed a stiffness transition at a displacement that could be estimated by considering the geometry of the test.
|
|
| 5. |
- Lindh, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
Elucidating the Indirect Contributions of Packaging to Sustainable Development : A Terminology of Packaging Functions and Features
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 29:4-5, s. 225-246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Packaging has great potential to contribute to sustainable development through its functions. Previous research has indicated a need for increased knowledge among consumers, suppliers, authorities and media of how packaging functions and features influence sustainable development. Previous research also shows the need for a common terminology of packaging functions and features in order to facilitate and improve communication and understanding in development and decision processes. This conceptual paper sets out to identify, collect, analyse and systemize packaging functions and features and evaluate them based on their indirect contributions to sustainable development. The systemized functions and features are expressed in generic terminology. Three clusters of packaging functions were identified from the literature: protect, facilitate handling and communicate. Nineteen packaging features were also identified. They were grouped under the three functions and elaborated based on their indirect contributions to the environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainable development. Fourteen potential positive indirect effects were identified including decreased product waste, reduced risk for human health hazards, increased handling and transport efficiency. Decreased product waste was generated by 13 of the features and was thus the most frequently appearing. Reducing waste is thereby indicated to be a manifold matter, but also one of great potential. The proposed terminology can contribute to an increased understanding of how packaging can actually contribute to sustainable development. In a theoretical context, this paper attempts to complement earlier work in sustainable packaging development by its emphasis on the indirect contributions of packaging to sustainable development.
|
|
| 6. |
- Linvill, Eric
(författare)
-
Box Compression Strength : A Crippling Approach
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 28:12, s. 1027-1037
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A crippling analysis method has been utilized to estimate the compression strength paperboard boxes. Crippling analysis is typically utilized in the aerospace industry to predict the compressive failure strength of thin, slender structures with complex cross-sectional geometry. This type of analysis is investigated, because crippling is a simple, predictive method that can provide very good estimates of the compressive failure strength of thin, slender structures. This preliminary study investigates the possibility of applying crippling analysis to estimate paperboard box compression strength by comparing experimental and theoretical results for box compression tests of milk and cigarette boxes in various loading scenarios and with various materials. This preliminary study shows that the crippling method provides results which are almost as accurate as pre-existing methods, although significant work remains to verify the validity and applicability of the crippling approach for paper-based boxes.
|
|
| 7. |
- Linvill, Eric, et al.
(författare)
-
Parametric Study of Hydroforming of Paper Materials Using the Explicit Finite Element Method with a Moisture-dependent and Temperature-dependent Constitutive Model
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 29:3, s. 145-160
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A moisture-dependent and temperature-dependent constitutive model for paper materials was proposed and implemented into a finite element model of the paper hydroforming process. Experimental hydroforming was conducted at temperatures of 23°C and 110 °C and moisture contents of 6.9 and 10.6 (respectively corresponding to 50 and 80% relative humidity). The proposed model, which also included the effects of drying, captured the extent of forming of all experimental results within reasonable accuracy. For the moisture content and temperature conditions in this study, the phenomenon of drying was found to be the reason why the application of temperature had a much greater effect on the degree of forming than hydroforming at various moisture contents. A simulation-based parametric study was conducted in order to identify the importance of various process and material parameters. This parametric study confirmed many previous empirical findings and was capable of quantifying the extent to which these process and material parameters affect the three-dimensional formability of paper. The coefficient of friction was identified as one of the most important factors when determining the extent of forming.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lorenzini, Giana, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards patient‐centered packaging design: An industry perspective on processes, functions, and constraints
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Packaging Technology and Science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 32:2, s. 59-73
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Medication packaging is essential to provide patients with guidance and correct use of their medicines for effective treatment. This research aims to increase knowledge about the medication packaging innovation process and its uptake towards patient‐centered packaging design. The study applied a qualitative research approach based on data from 25 in‐depth interviews with stakeholders involved in medication packaging design. The empirical data analysis revealed four themes that can improve and advance user‐centered packaging design: medication packaging innovation process, medication packaging functions and features, medication packaging design constraints, and patient‐centered medication packaging design. The findings suggest that medication packaging design is strongly affected by an emphasis on protective and safety packaging functions rather than on patients' needs. Packaging innovation usually is constrained by rigid incremental development processes, where compliance with regulations, extensive documentation, avoidance of manufacturing complexity, and considerations on cost prevail. These findings are discussed in relation to the three most evident trade‐offs for patient‐centered design: protection versus openability, utility versus cost, and complexity of manufacturability versus complexity of use. This research contributes with valuable input and additional evidence about the necessary shift to a user‐centered approach in a field that has not been design driven. This input complements previous research and provides an opportunity for industry decision makers and policy makers to lead patient‐centered packaging design that can benefit patients and relieve overloaded health care systems.
|
|
| 9. |
- Nygårds, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Simulation and experimental verification of a drop test and compression test of a gable top package
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 32:7, s. 325-333
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A finite element framework has been proposed that can be used to simulate both empty paperboard packages and package filled with plastic granulates. A gable top package was made of a commercial paperboard, and material properties needed in the material model were determined. Two simulations were performed, a drop test and a compression test. By comparison between experimental and numerical results, the deformation mechanisms at impact could be identified and correlated to material properties. When the package was filled with granulates, different mechanisms was activated compared with an empty package. The granulates contribute to bulging of the panels, such that the edges became more load bearing compared with the panels. When the edges carried the loads, the importance of the out-of-plane properties also increased, and local failure initiation related to delamination was observed. Comparison between experimental and numerical impact forces shows that there are still important things to consider in the model generation, eg, variation of properties within the package, which originate both from material property variations, and the loading history, eg, during manufacturing and handling.
|
|
| 10. |
- Sohrabpour, Vahid, et al.
(författare)
-
An Improved Supplier Driven Packaging Design and Development Method for Supply Chain Efficiency
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Packaging technology & science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 29:3, s. 161-173
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Packaging and the role it plays in supply chain efficiency are overlooked in most design and development research. An opportunity exists to meet the needs of supply chains to increase efficiency. This research presents three propositions on how to reduce the gap between supply chain needs and satisfaction in interaction with the product and packaging system. It also proposes a supply chain focused packaging design and development method to better satisfy supply chain needs placed on packaging. An extensive literature review was conducted, and a Tetra Pak derived case study was developed. The propositions were formulated and became the basis for improving Tetra Pak's existing packaging design and development method by better integrating supply chain needs. This was accomplished by using an expanded operational life cycle perspective that includes the entire supply chain. The resulting supply chain focused packaging design, and development method enables improved supply chain efficiency while considering the product, the processes and cost. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
|
