| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Fall, Per-Arne, et al.
(författare)
-
Age standardised incidence and prevalence of Parkinson´s disease in a Swedish community
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-4356. ; 49:6, s. 637-641
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parkinson's disease (PD) shows a geographical variation. All prescriptions for anti-parkinsonian drugs were recorded for a half-year in a region with low -dopa consumption. Hospital and outpatient records were studied and physicians were asked to supply details of PD patients in the region, with 147,777 inhabitants. The crude prevalence was 115 PD per 100,000 inhabitants, based on 170 cases. In contrast to other studies we report an age-standardized prevalence, which was 76 per 100,000, using the European Standard Population as reference. The corresponding approximate incidences were 11.0 (crude) and 7.9 (age-standardized) per 100,000 person-years. Male preponderance appeared in all age groups. Mean age at onset was 65.6 years, the highest figure reported. Variation between studies for age at onset, differences in prevalence, and male preponderance suggest environmental risk factors to be of importance for PD.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Katz, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
-
Interpretation of change scores in ordinal clinical scales and health status measures: The whole may not equal the sum of the parts
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Journal of clinical epidemiology. - : Elsevier Inc. - 1878-5921 .- 0895-4356. ; 49:7, s. 711-717
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to analyze the problem of interpreting change scores of ordinal health status measures for clinical research or practice. Methods used included exploration of the generation of change scores in the physical ability scale of the SF-36, one of the most widely used generic health status instruments. Resulting data are presented as the ranking of items according to baseline score; a percentage of patients with severe difficulty and Rasch analysis provided the same rank order of item difficulty. On the interval scale provided by the Rasch model a concentration of items reflecting moderate difficulty occurred. This “inflates” numerical gains for patients with moderate disability compared to patients with very severe or minor physical disability. Calibration of change scores using patient perception of the level of change in function showed important variation of numerical gains with baseline. We conclude that numerically equal gains may differ in their meaning depending on baseline health status. It is recommended that distribution of baseline health status measures and distribution of responders by baseline status be reported in evaluative studies.
|
|
| 9. |
- Lind, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Serum calcium : a new, independent, prospective risk factor for myocardial infarction in middle-aged men followed for 18 years.
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-4356 .- 1878-5921. ; 50:8, s. 967-73
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is a disease characterized by hypercalcemia, and associated with an increased mortality in cardiovascular diseases. However, serum calcium levels within the normal range have not been evaluated as a prospective cardiovascular risk factor.METHODS: A cohort of males aged 50 (n = 2183) were investigated in 1970-1973 for serum calcium and known cardiovascular risk factors. They were then followed up over the next 18 years.RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 180 subjects experienced a myocardial infarction (MI). The serum calcium levels were significantly elevated at the baseline (2.37 +/- 0.09 SD versus 2.35 +/- 0.09 mmol/l, p < 0.03) in the subjects who developed a MI when compared with the rest of the cohort. Also blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and the atherogenic index were significantly elevated in the MI group (p < 0.01), while HDL-cholesterol was lower at the baseline investigation (p < 0.01). Cox's proportional hazard analysis showed that only serum calcium (p < 0.01), BMI (p < 0.0003), diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.0009), and the atherogenic index (p < 0.002) were significantly independent risk factors for MI. The range of serum calcium levels from the mean value, -2 SDs to the mean value +2 SDs corresponds to a variation in estimated risk for MI ranging from 0.06 to 0.15.CONCLUSIONS: Serum calcium was found to be an independent, prospective risk factor for MI in middle-aged males suggesting a role for extracellular calcium levels in the atherosclerotic process.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
