| 1. |
- Barthel, Roland, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Using the multiactor-approach in GLOWA-danube to simulate decisions for the water supply sector under conditions of global climate change
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Water Resources Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-4741 .- 1573-1650. ; 24:2, s. 239-275
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glowa-Danube (www.glowa-danube.de) is an interdisciplinary project that aims to develop integrated strategies and tools for water and land use management in the upper Danube catchment (Germany, Austria ~77,000 km2). The project is one of five within the Glowa research program (www.glowa.org) dealing with Global Change effects on the water cycle in six meso-scale catchments (up to 100,000 km2) in Central Europe, West Africa and the Middle East. In the Glowa-Danube project, 16 natural science and socio-economic simulation models are integrated in the coupled simulation system Danubia. This article describes the underlying concept and implementation of WaterSupply, a multiactor-based model of the water supply sector with a focus on water resource utilization and distribution of individual water supply companies. Within Danubia, WaterSupply represents the link between water supply and demand, where the former is simulated by a groundwater and a surface water model and the latter by water consumption models of four different sectors (domestic, industrial, agricultural and tourism). WaterSupply interprets the quantitative state of water resources for defined spatial and temporal units according to sustainability requirements and assesses the state of resources in relation to present water supply schemes and the dynamics of user demand. WaterSupply then seeks both to optimize the resource use of supply companies and to identify critical regions for which further adaptation of the water supply scheme will become necessary under changing climatic conditions. In this article, a brief description of the Glowa-Danube project and the integrated simulation system Danubia is followed by a short presentation of the DeepActor framework, which provides a common conceptual and technical basis for the socio-economic simulation models of Glowa-Danube. The main body of the article is devoted to the concept, the implementation and simulation results of WaterSupply. Results from different scenario calculations demonstrate the capabilities and the potential fields of application of the model. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bhunya, Pradeep K., et al.
(författare)
-
Development of a Regional Non-dimensional Return Period Flood Model
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Water Resources Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-4741 .- 1573-1650. ; 24:7, s. 1425-1439
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on the non-dimensional approach, this study focuses on developing a model to compute design flood for specific return periods whose parameter estimations are done using the Marquardt algorithm considering peak flood data of 100 Indian catchments. The selected flood data varies for majority of the sites for a period of 10 years, and for a few sites up to 36 years; and as a preliminary processing these data are checked for outliers, discordancy, and other errors. The model is calibrated for a variety of situations, and validated on selected gauged catchments. Both the descriptive and predictive goodness-of-fit measures are computed considering the floods of specific return periods estimated from the observed data. The model is found to perform well for the whole study area. Investigations reveal the model to be useful to any catchment within the hydrologically homogeneous region with limited or no flood data conditions.
|
|
| 3. |
- Brandimarte, Luigia, et al.
(författare)
-
Relation Between the North-Atlantic Oscillation and Hydroclimatic Conditions in Mediterranean Areas
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Water Resources Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-4741 .- 1573-1650. ; 25:5, s. 1269-1279
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mediterranean basins are known for their susceptibility to water stress conditions resulting from a reduction in winter-season precipitation. This region is also prone to the effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), a large-scale climatic pattern associated with a displacement of air mass between the arctic and the subtropical Atlantic. Even though previous studies have demonstrated the impact of the NAO on winter climate conditions in Europe and Northern Africa, it is still unclear to what extent the NAO is related to hydroclimatic patterns in Mediterranean areas and whether it can explain its recent drought history. To this end, this study investigates the interdependence between the NAO and winter precipitation, river flow and temperature in two Mediterranean regions: Southern Italy and Nile Delta (Egypt). The outcomes show the presence of significant connections between the NAO, winter rainfall and river discharge.
|
|
| 4. |
- Calizaya, Andres, et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in the Lake Poopo Basin, Bolivia
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Water Resources Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-4741 .- 1573-1650. ; 24:10, s. 2267-2289
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is a relatively new approach in Bolivia. However, it is now generally accepted that this approach needs to be established in order to find sustainable solutions for development and is actively promoted by the Water Ministry, especially in environmentally fragile regions, such as the Lake Poopo basin. The Lake Poopo basin is one of the poorest regions in the Bolivian Altiplano. It is confronted with severe water scarcity during the dry season, leading to low water quality, a high water-poverty index and low values of the watershed sustainability index. Furthermore, salinization and environmental degradation of soil and water are forcing people to migrate to urban areas. These are some of the factors underlying an ever-increasing complexity in integrated water resources management in the region. This paper proposes and develops a Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) in the Lake Poopo basin, based on economic, social and environmental criteria in an uncertain decision environment in order to support stakeholders in managing their water resources. Saaty's analytical hierarchy process (AHP) theory is applied here to solve the MCDA and to identify the alternatives using the highest expected utility value. The paper identifies the best solutions for existing conflicts, while promoting interaction with stakeholders and instruments in order to reach a sustainable strategy for water resources management in this water-scarce region.
|
|
| 5. |
- El-Hames, A. S., et al.
(författare)
-
Groundwater Quality Zonation Assessment using GIS, EOFs and Hierarchical Clustering
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Water resources management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-4741 .- 1573-1650. ; 27:7, s. 2465-2481
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three methods are utilized in this paper to assist in the groundwater clustering, in an arid region aquifer, into similar zones according to its quality. A multiple regression is first applied in order to assess the importance of the different chemical constituents in the amount of total dissolved salt, which shows the dominance of chlorine and sodium. A multivariate analysis based on empirical orthogonal functions and hierarchical clustering (EOFs) is applied to assist in water quality clustering in the studied aquifer. The clustering has produced five distinguished categories of groundwater quality, which agree well with World Health Organisation criteria and limits for water usage. Based on these categories, spatial distribution maps of groundwater quality are produced by Kriging and GIS software.
|
|
| 6. |
- Fang, Shifeng, et al.
(författare)
-
Water Resources Assessment and Regional Virtual Water Potential in the Turpan Basin, China
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Water resources management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-4741 .- 1573-1650. ; 24:13, s. 3321-3332
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Located in the centre of the Eurasian Continent, the Turpan Basin, as the second deepest lowland in the world, is extremely short of water resources. Aimed at this key scientific issue, this paper based on years of meteorological and hydrological observation data, carried out a scientific calculation and evaluation of surface and groundwater resources in the Turpan Basin, and then, with the help of modified Penman formula, calculated the virtual water potential in the basin in 2004. The results show that the average total usable surface water resources per year in the last decade were about 6.673x10(8) m(3), while adduction volume of surface water in 2003 was about 4.94x10(8) m(3), which means that most of the region has reached or approached the limit of water resources and, as a result serious crises and constraints on the development of the basin were thus caused. The exploitation content of groundwater in the Turpan Basin in 2003 was about 6.12x10(8) m(3), which has basically reached its upper limit, and the ground water level has fallen about 10 similar to 40 m in the Turpan Basin in recent years. The daily reference crop water requirement in the Turpan Basin in 2004 was about 1,053.39 mm, and the total virtual water potential contained in six main crops was about 5.25 x10(8) m(3) in 2004. All these showed that research works on scientific assessment of water resources and regional virtual water strategy have great significance for the best social, ecological, economic benefits and regional sustainable development of the Turpan Basin.
|
|
| 7. |
- Jamali, Imran Ali, et al.
(författare)
-
A spatial multi-criteria analysis approach for locating suitable sites for construction of subsurface dams in northern Pakistan
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Water resources management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-4741 .- 1573-1650. ; 28:14, s. 5157-5174
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pakistan is an agricultural country with an increasing interest for hydropower. Water management problems such as sedimentation and evaporation have been of high concern for surface water reservoirs for many years. Therefore, groundwater storage through subsurface dams could be promising, especially considering the monsoon rainfall and seasonal river flows in Pakistan. The paper aims to develop and test a methodology to locate suitable sites for construction of subsurface dams using spatial multi-criteria analysis (SMCA) in the northern parts of Pakistan. For the study, spatial data on geology, slope, land cover, soil depth and topographic wetness index (TWI) was used. Two weighting techniques, i.e. the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the factor interaction method (FIM), were employed and compared. The sensitivity of the two methods as well as of the model parameters was analysed. The suitability map derived from AHP yielded about 3 % (16 km(2)) of the total area as most suitable, about 4 % (22 km(2)) as moderately suitable and about 0.8 % (5 km(2)) as least suitable. The suitability map derived from FIM identified about 2.7 % (14 km(2)) of the total area as most suitable, about 4 % (22 km(2)) as moderately suitable and about 1 % (7 km(2)) as least suitable. The sensitivity analyses suggested that AHP was a more robust weighting technique than FIM and that land cover was the most sensitive factor. The methodology presented here shows promising results and could be used in early planning to locate suitable sites for construction of subsurface dams.
|
|
| 8. |
- Mourad, Khaldoon A., et al.
(författare)
-
Economic Value of Tree Fruit Production in Jordan Valley from a Virtual Water Perspective
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Water Resources Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-4741 .- 1573-1650. ; 24:10, s. 2021-2034
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The continuous high demand of water resources for agricultural uses in Jordan is leading to a water crisis. A possible partial solution may be to import food which requires large amounts of water to grow instead of cultivating high water consuming crops. Crops such as banana and citrus cause a huge virtual water loss, which can be reduced by cultivating other less water-demanding crops. This paper focuses on analyzing the economic value of cultivating tree fruit from a virtual water perspective. The virtual water calculations in this study depend on the average rainfall, water quota, and the crops' water requirements (CWR). The gross profit to the water use ratio showed that banana has the lowest value 0.085 JD/m(3), while lemon has the highest value 1.65 JD/m(3). The calculations show that the average embedded water in fruits varies from about 470 m(3)/ton for grapes to about 2,500 m(3)/ton for dates. Banana and citrus plantations consume about 21 and 71 million cubic meters (MCM) annually, respectively, which represent about 85% of the total water consumption in fruit tree plantation. The virtual water flow estimation embedded in fruits shows that Jordan imports about 77 MCM per year. However it exports about 29 MCM per year. The results were analyzed from an integrated water resources management (IWRM) perspective. The analysis shows that a way to recover some of the water costs involved in, e.g., banana production would be to increase the fertilizer cost by about 10%. This would double the water cost and increase the banana production cost by about 6.8%. Using this alternative could be a way to better manage the huge losses in virtual water involved in banana production in the Jordan Valley.
|
|
| 9. |
- Plummer, Ryan, et al.
(författare)
-
A systematic review of water vulnerability assessment tools
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Water resources management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-4741 .- 1573-1650. ; 26:15, s. 4327-4346
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The important relationship between health and water necessitates consideration of water vulnerability. Water vulnerability is contingent upon biophysical and social drivers operating at multiple scales, and is difficult to assess. This paper offers a systematic review of 50 water vulnerability assessment tools. We identify and synthesise the contents of these assessment tools (710 indicators) into five dimensions and 22 sub-dimensions and consider the extent to which they reflect environmental and social aspects. The findings are discussed in light of a holistic approach to water resources management, and specifically Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Significant opportunities exist to enhance the efficacy of water vulnerability assessment tools by incorporating indicators and operational measures for social considerations (e.g., adaptation, institutions, governance) that are developed outside the context of water.
|
|
| 10. |
- Setegn, Shimelis Gebriye, et al.
(författare)
-
Water Balance Study and Irrigation Strategies for Sustainable Management of a Tropical Ethiopian Lake : A Case Study of Lake Alemaya
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Water resources management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-4741 .- 1573-1650. ; 25:9, s. 2081-2107
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lake Alemaya in the Ethiopian Highlands has historically provided the surrounding area with water for domestic use, irrigation, and livestock and has served as a local fishery tank. Increasing irrigation and domestic water use, change in the local climate and changes in the surrounding land cover are believed to be the causes of Lake Alemaya's demise. Expansion of major irrigated crops in particular chat (Catha Edulis), potato and vegetables and non-judicious use of irrigation water in the Lake Alemaya watershed led to presumption that irrigation is partly responsible for the withdrawal of large quantity of water from the lake. Thus, water balance study of Lake Alemaya was carried out under presumed scenarios in order to study the possible trends and fluctuations of the lake water level in response to proposed scenarios. Further, it is essential to study the irrigation performance for developing optimal irrigation schedules in the study area to make the best use of available water for long term sustainability of the water resources of Lake Alemaya. It was identified that expansion of the irrigated area in general and chat cultivation in particular in the study area have been the key to sustainable management of lake water, hence its expansion during the past 37 years (1965-2002) was studied through interpretation of satellite data. Subsequently, performance evaluation of the small-scale irrigation practices for major irrigated crops was carried out. Optimal irrigation schedules for different crop seasons were also developed for these irrigated crops using CROPWAT software. It was found that chat area increased from 190 ha in 1996 to nearly 330 ha in 2002. Further, it was observed that 43% surface area of the lake has reduced within a span of 37 years. Overall, maximum irrigation intensity of chat, potato and vegetables is observed during the first irrigation season of the crop calendar. Particularly, in case of chat, irrigation performance indicators such as Relative Water Supply (RWS), Relative Irrigation Supply (RIS), Depleted Fraction (DF) and Overall Consumed Ratio (OCR) values indicated poor performance of irrigation practices. From the analysis, it was found that the application of a fixed irrigation depth and fixed irrigation interval combinations of (25 mm-25 day), (20 mm-20 day), or (20 mm-25 day) are recommended for chat in the study area. Optimal irrigation schedules were decided on the basis of combination of irrigation interval and depth that results in low loss of irrigation water with reasonable yield reduction. Thus, determination of appropriate water management strategy can ensure proper utilization of the available water resources and improve the water application efficiency of the small-scale irrigation practices around Lake Alemaya, Ethiopia.
|
|
