| 1. |
- Aronsson, Thomas, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
-
On environmental taxation under uncertain environmental damage
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 24:2, s. 183-196
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses optimal taxation, when therelationship between the consumption of a`dirty' good and the resulting environmentaldamage is uncertain and treated as a randomvariable by policy makers. The main purpose isto analyze how increased uncertainty, measuredas a mean preserving increase in the spread ofthis random variable, affects the optimalcommodity tax on the dirty consumption good. Incase the only task of government is to correctthe environmental externality, and if thepreferences are characterized by nondecreasingabsolute risk aversion, we find that thecommodity tax on the dirty consumption goodincreases in response to additionaluncertainty. If, on the other hand, thegovernment provides a public good and uses alump-sum tax in addition to the commodity tax,it is possible that the commodity tax decreasesas a response to additional uncertainty, evenif the preferences are characterized bynondecreasing absolute risk aversion. A similarresult emerges, although for different reasons,if the lump-sum tax is replaced by a laborincome tax.
|
|
| 2. |
- Backlund, Kenneth, 1966-
(författare)
-
On the Role of Green Taxes in Social Accounting
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 25, s. 33-50
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 3. |
- Berglund, Christer, et al.
(författare)
-
An econometric analysis of global waste paper recovery and utilization
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 26:2, s. 429-456
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main purpose of this paper is to provide aneconometric analysis of the most importantdeterminants of inter-country differences inwaste paper recovery and utilization rates. Byemploying pooled time series and cross-sectiondata over 49 countries worldwide and sevenyears, the paper concludes that relative wastepaper recovery and use depend largely onlong-standing economic factors such aspopulation intensity and competitiveness in theworld market for paper and board products. Wealso find evidence that supports the conjecturethat rich countries tend to recover relativelymore waste paper than is the case in low-incomecountries, reflecting the higher demand forwaste management and environmental policies inmore developed economies. As recovery andutilization rates are determined by economicand demographic characteristics the degree ofpolicy flexibility in affecting these rates maybe limited. In particular, an ambitiousutilization rate target may be very costly toenforce as it can conflict with existing tradepatterns of paper and board products as well aswith other environmental goals. Additionalpolicy targets may therefore be desirable,especially since paper recycling is motivatedprimarily by environmental concerns and seldomis a benign activity in itself.
|
|
| 4. |
- Eriksson, Clas, et al.
(författare)
-
Economic Growth, Inequality, Democratization, and the Environment
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 25:1, s. 1-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We augment the Stokey (1998) model by allowingagents to differ with respect to environmentalquality and income in order to analyze theimpact of income and environmental inequality,and of democratization on aggregate pollution.We find that the impact of a more equal incomedistribution depends on the degree ofdemocracy. In a complete democracy a more equalincome distribution generates, ceterisparibus, less pollution, which is consistentwith indirect empirical evidence, whereas theopposite is the case if democratic rights arehighly restricted. Furthermore, ademocratization is argued to typically lowerboth the income and the environmental qualityof the median voter. In this case, if, inutility terms, the fall in environmentalquality is worse than the fall in consumptionthe median voter decides to tightenenvironmental legislation so that aggregatepollution decreases.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Parks, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
An integrated system for management and policy analysis : Theoretical results for forestry and reindeer husbandry in Sweden
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 21:3, s. 203-220
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper develops an analytical framework to simulate management- and policy-driven environmental changes in Swedish mountain environments. The framework is based on a dynamic model that includes economic connections between timber and reindeer. Economic benefits are obtained in the timber sector and the reindeer sector, by harvesting forest and reindeer stocks and selling the harvests in markets. Unharvested forest and reindeer stocks provide benefits outside of markets. Reindeer stocks provide benefits by supporting the reindeer husbandry lifestyle for members of the indigenous Saami population. The paper analyzes decisions made by a hypothetical planner of a geographical area corresponding to a Swedish sameby (Saami village). Decision outcomes are measured using the present value of net benefits measured in economic terms, and are obtained both inside and outside of economic markets. The final section gives examples of management and policy decisions that might be simulated for Swedish mountain environments, such as market-based policies to increase the economic welfare derived from private timber and reindeer harvests.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
