| 1. |
- Alem, Yonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Improving Welfare through Climate-friendly Agriculture: The Case of the System of Rice Intensification
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - Göteborg : University of Gothenburg. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 62:2, s. 243-263
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We use rich survey data to investigate the impact of a climate-friendly rice farming method known as the system of rice intensification (SRI) on the welfare of rain-dependent small-holder farmers in Tanzania. SRI reduces water consumption by half, which makes it a promising farming system in the adaptation to climate change in moisture-constrained areas, and it does not require flooding of rice fields, resulting in reduced methane emissions. Endogenous switching regression results suggest that SRI indeed improves yield in rain-dependent areas, but its profitability hinges on the actual market price farmers face. SRI becomes profitable only when the rice variety sells at the same market price as that of traditional varieties, but results in loss when SRI rice sells at a lower price. We argue that the effort of promoting adoption of such types of climate-friendly agricultural practices requires complementary institutional reform and support in order to ensure their profitability to small-holder farmers.
|
|
| 2. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Unintended Effects of Targeting an Environmental Rebate
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Environmental & Resource Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 67:1, s. 181-202
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When designing schemes such as conditional cash transfers or payments for ecosystem services, the choice of whom to select and whom to exclude is critical. We incentivize and measure actual contributions to an environmental public good to ascertain whether being excluded from a rebate can affect contributions and, if so, whether the rationale for exclusion influences such effects. Treatments, i.e., three rules that determine who is selected and excluded, are randomly assigned. Two of the rules base exclusion on subjects' initial contributions. The third is based upon location and the rationales are always explained. The rule that targets the rebate to low initial contributors, who have more potential to raise contributions, is the only rule that raised contributions by those selected. Yet by design, that same rule excludes the subjects who contributed the most initially. They respond by reducing their contributions even though their income and prices are unchanged.
|
|
| 3. |
- B. Krishnamurthy, Chandra Kiran, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Determinants of the Price-Premium for Green Energy : Evidence from an OECD Cross-Section
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 64:2, s. 173-204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using data from a survey of households in 11 OECD countries, this paper investigates the determinants of preferences for a completely green residential electricity system. Three important questions are addressed: (i) how much are households willing to pay to use only renewable energy? (ii) does willingness-to-pay (WTP) vary significantly across household groups and countries? and (iii) what drives the decision to enter the (hypothetical) market for green energy and, given entry, what drives the level of WTP? The analysis here differs from previous studies on green energy in two ways: first, data and analyses are comparable across countries and second, a comprehensive attempt is made to understand 0 WTP, and to accommodate-using a censored quantile regression (CQR) framework-unobserved heterogeneity. The survey data indicate a low WTP, at 11-12 % of current electric bill. This study also addresses a key question: how important is income for understanding WTP, relative to more "attitudinal" determinants? The effect of income overall appears ambiguous, with Tobit-like models indicating that income is not significant while the CQR indicates that income exerts a significant effect near the center of the distribution of WTP. Across all frameworks used, a key determinant of WTP appears to be environmental attitudes, particularly membership in an environmental organization.
|
|
| 4. |
- B. Krishnamurthy, Chandra Kiran, 1977-
(författare)
-
Optimal management of groundwater under uncertainty : a unified approach
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 67:2, s. 351-377
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Discrete-time stochastic models of management of groundwater resources have been extensively used for understanding a number of issues in groundwater management. Most models used suffer from two drawbacks: relatively simplistic treatment of the cost of water extraction, and a lack of important structural results (such as monotonicity of extraction in stock and concavity of the value function), even in simple models. Lack of structural properties impede both practical policy simulation and clarity of understanding of the resulting models and the underlying economics. This paper provides a unifying framework for these models in two directions; first, the usual cost function is extended to encompass cases where marginal cost of pumping depends on the stock and second, the analysis dispenses with assumptions of concavity of the objective function and compactness of the state space, using instead lattice-theoretic methods. With these modifications, a comprehensive investigation of which structural properties can be proved in each of the resulting cases is carried out. It is shown that for some of the richer models more structural properties may be proved than for the simpler model used in the literature. This paper also introduces to the resource economics literature an important method of proving convergence to a stationary distribution which does not require monotonicity in stock of resource. This method is of interest in a variety of renewable resource model settings.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bonilla, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Technical synergies and trade-offs between abatement of global and local air pollution
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 70:1, s. 191-221
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we explore the synergies and tradeoffs between abatement of global and local pollution. We build a unique dataset of Swedish combined heat and power plants with detailed boiler-level data 2001–2009 on not only production and inputs but also on emissions of CO2 and NOx. Both pollutants are regulated by strict policies in Sweden. CO2 is subject to theEuropean UnionEmissionTrading Scheme and Swedish carbon taxes;NOx— as a precursor of acid rain and eutrophication—is regulated by a heavy fee. Using a quadratic directional output distance function, we characterize changes in technical efficiency as well as patterns of substitutability in response to the policies mentioned. The fact that generating units face a trade-off between the pollutants indicates the need for policy coordination.
|
|
| 6. |
- Coria, Jessica, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
State-Dependent Enforcement to Foster the Adoption of New Technologies
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 62:2, s. 359-381
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Harrington (J Public Econ 37:29–53, 1988) shows that a suitable strategy for regulators to make enforcement more efficient is to target surveillance resources according to past compliance records. Such scheme generates enforcement leverage as non-compliance triggers greater future scrutiny increasing the expected costs of non-compliance beyond the avoidance of immediate fines. In this paper, we propose an improved transition structure for the audit framework, in which targeting is based not only on firms’ past compliance record but also on adoption of environmentally superior technologies. We show that this transition structure would not only foster the adoption of new technology but also increase deterrence by changing the composition of firms in the industry toward an increased fraction of cleaner firms that pollute and violate less.
|
|
| 7. |
- Coria, Jessica, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Transaction Costs of Upstream Versus Downstream Pricing of CO2 Emissions
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 72:4, s. 965-1001
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper comparing empirically the transaction costs of the monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) required by two environmental regulations aimed to cost-efficiently reduce greenhouse gas emissions: a carbon dioxide (CO2) tax and an emissions trading system. We do this in the case of Sweden, where a set of firms are covered by both types of regulations—the Swedish CO2 tax and the European Union’s Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). Our results indicate that there is a significant degree of heterogeneity in the transaction costs of the firms in our sample. Moreover, for some of the firms, the transaction costs are high when compared with the actual cost of the CO2 tax and the price of the EU ETS. Furthermore, we find that the MRV costs are lower for CO2 taxation than for the EU ETS, which confirms the general view that regulating emissions upstream via a CO2 tax yields lower transaction costs vis-á-vis downstream regulation via emissions trading.
|
|
| 8. |
- Dancke Sandorf, Erlend
(författare)
-
Did You Miss Something? Inattentive Respondents in Discrete Choice Experiments
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 73, s. 1197-1235
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stated preference practitioners are increasingly relying on internet panels to gather data, but emerging evidence suggests potential limitations with respect to respondent and response quality in such panels. We identify groups of inattentive respondents who have failed to watch information videos provided in the survey to completion. Our results show that inattentive respondents have a higher cost sensitivity, are more likely to have a small scale parameter, and are more likely to ignore the non-cost attributes. These results are largely driven by respondents failing to watch the information video about the discrete choice experiment, attributes and levels, which underlines the importance of information provision and highlights possible implications of inattentiveness. We develop a modeling framework to simultaneously address preference, scale and attribute processing heterogeneity. We find that when we consider attribute non-attendance-scale differences disappear, which suggests that the type of heterogeneity detected in a model could be the result of un-modeled heterogeneity of a different kind. We discuss implications of our results.
|
|
| 9. |
- Dannenberg, Astrid, et al.
(författare)
-
On the Provision of Public Goods with Probabilistic and Ambiguous Thresholds
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Environmental & Resource Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 61:3, s. 365-383
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many natural systems involve thresholds that, once triggered, imply irreversible damages for the users. Although the existence of such thresholds is undisputed, their location is highly uncertain. We explore experimentally how threshold uncertainty affects collective action in a series of threshold public goods games. Whereas the public good is always provided when the exact value of the threshold is known, threshold uncertainty is generally detrimental for the public good provision as contributions become more erratic. The negative effect of threshold uncertainty is particularly severe when it takes the form of ambiguity, i.e. when players are not only unaware of the value of the threshold, but also of its probability distribution. Early and credible commitment helps groups to cope with uncertainty.
|
|
| 10. |
- de Zeeuw, Aart, et al.
(författare)
-
The Economics of Tipping Points
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 65:3, s. 513-517
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
