| 1. |
- Agrell, Per J., et al.
(författare)
-
A Coherent Methodology for Productivity Analysis Employing Integrated Partial Efficiency
- 1996
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 46-47, s. 401-411
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An activity decomposition methodology with theoretical foundation in the principles of activity control and stated focus of interest in the enterprise value-chain is presented. Characteristics of inputs and outputs are discussed, where a set of non-transformable inputs are defined and motivated. An integrated partial efficiency measure is formulated, compensating for some weaknesses of the Debreu-Farrell technical efficiency concept. Providing a coherent basis for productivity analysis, the IPE approach poses an alternative to e.g. DEA especially in the case of multi-level systems and sparse data. The method is easily communicable in terms of measurement and analysis, and may be extended to complement economic performance assessments and benchmarks.
|
|
| 2. |
- Agrell, Per, J., et al.
(författare)
-
An MCDM Framework for Dynamic Systems
- 1996
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 45:1-3, s. 279-292
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multi-criteria formulation for continuous and discrete-time dynamic systems is presented. The fundamental problem in the design of dynamic systems is the trade-off between response speed (e.g., the time to reach final value and the raise time) and response smoothness (e.g., the overshoot, the undershoot, and the transient dampening). Separate optimisation of criteria is impossible, thus the problem is inherently multiobjective. In a general dynamic system, this is accomplished by adjusting a number of technical parameters in accordance with some ad hoc practice. Previous multi-criteria approaches have been modelled as weighted sums of criteria, with shortcomings in terms of sensitivity analysis and preference articulation. The proposed framework enables the decision maker to design a most preferred system, with full knowledge of local trade-off ratios in terms of chosen criteria. Combining analytical techniques with simulation, the formulation makes the optimisation process transparent to the decision maker, working entirely in decision space. The framework is demonstrated on a dynamic production-inventory model.
|
|
| 3. |
- Alnestig, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Product costing in ten Swedish manufacturing companies
- 1996
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 46-47, s. 441-457
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the main results from case studies in 10 Swedish manufacturing companies concerning their product costing. The main purpose of the study is to find out what models of product costing the companies use, what allocation bases are applied. Several questions have been asked to the companies: What is the purpose of the product costing? Is a special product costing used for inventory valuation? Is full costing or variable costing used? How are depreciation costs and cost of capital treated? Is some sort of activity-based costing used? If so, which arethe cost drivers? The study is a case analysis, no questionnaires are used. The study presents arguments that a separation of product costing in “Activity-Based Costing” or “traditional costing” is not possible, but also that more “ABC-thinking” is necessary.
|
|
| 4. |
- Axsäter, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of Echelon Stock and Installation Stock Policies for Two-Level Inventory Systems
- 1996
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 45:1-3, s. 303-310
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is previously known that echelon stock reorder point policies dominate installation stock reorder point policies for serial and assembly multi-level inventory systems. This paper presents worst-case results for the relative cost difference in case of constant demand and no backorders. Furthermore, we analyze distribution systems with stochastic demand by simulation. Depending on the structure of the system either echelon stock or installation stock policies may be advantageous.
|
|
| 5. |
- Axsäter, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of echelon stock and installation stock policies with policy adjusted order quantities
- 1997
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 48:1, s. 1-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Echelon stock and installation stock reorder point policies for multi-level inventory control have been compared in previous studies. It is known that echelon stock policies dominate installation stock policies for serial and assembly systems. Earlier comparisons assume that both policies use the same given order quantities, while each policy is optimized with respect to its reorder points. This paper presents worst case results for the cost ratio when the order quantities can be optimized for each policy.
|
|
| 6. |
- Deleryd, Mats
(författare)
-
A pragmatic view on process capability studies
- 1999
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 58:3, s. 319-330
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years an increasing number of organisations use process capability studies on a regular basis. Contemporaneous with the increasing number of organisations using process capability studies, warnings have been launched that imprudent use of numerical measures of capability, the so-called process capability indices, might lead the user to make erroneous decisions. As a result, many practitioners of today are left with a somewhat ambivalent attitude towards process capability studies. In order to reduce these ambiguities, this paper outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the method. The results presented are based on a survey performed among 97 Swedish organisations that use process capability studies on a regular basis
|
|
| 7. |
- Grubbström, Robert W., 1941-, et al.
(författare)
-
Further Developments on Safety Stocks in an MRP System Applying Laplace Transforms and Input-Output Analysis
- 1999
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 60-61, s. 381-387
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a sequence of previous papers, the Laplace transform and Input–Output Analysis have been applied to formulate a theoretical basis for material requirements planning (MRP) under different levels of generalisation. Searching for the optimal safety stock is one of the extensions of this theory. This paper investigates the safety stock properties in the case that the time interval of demand is Gamma-distributed. The Generalised Leontief inverse plays an effective role in describing the multi-level production–inventory system when the subordinate products are produced according to a lot-for-lot (L4L) policy.
|
|
| 8. |
- Grubbström, Robert, W., et al.
(författare)
-
Inventory Trigger Control Policies Developed in Terms of Control Theory
- 1996
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 45:1-3, s. 397-406
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we model standard inventory ordering rules in terms of control systems theory. A differential equation is designed describing the development of a system in which an input signal reaching a predefined level triggers an output. The reorder point of inventory control systems may be interpreted as such a level triggering a replenishment. Systems using this kind of control are frequent in a variety of applications. Apart from inventory, domestic heat and pressure control are but two examples.
|
|
| 9. |
- Nilsson, Carl-Henric, et al.
(författare)
-
The strategic grounding of competitive advantage – The case of Scania
- 1995
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 41:1-3, s. 281-296
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scania has performed well above average in the heavy truck industry during a considerable time span. Scania’s sources of competitive advantage are presented and their interrelations and significance for the business strategy analysed in order to explain the success of Scania. Strategic issues are traditionally analysed in a top-down procedure starting with the corporate strategy and proceeding by disaggregation of the strategy down in the organisation. This is known as the grand strategy perspective and views strategy as a "chain of causality". We introduce the grounded strategy perspective which views strategy as a "pattern in a stream of decisions and actions", and takes its starting point in the stream of activities within the company. Grounded strategy synthesises the strategy according to a bottom-up procedure. The case of Scania and the heavy truck industry is analysed according to these two different perspectives on strategy. The methodological approach may be different depending on the perspective. The results of the case study from each perspective reveal interesting implications to strategists: scholars as well as practitioners. The grand strategy approach appears to be advantageous for analysis at the higher levels of strategy, while the grounded approach appear to be advantageous at the lower levels of strategy. © 1995.
|
|
| 10. |
- Olsson, Richard
(författare)
-
Subcontract Coordination in Construction
- 1998
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 56-57, s. 503-509
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The building industry in Sweden has for the last five years been under hard pressure to reduce costs, and lead times, while at the same time improving quality. During this period the range of services such as air distribution, heating, cooling and electrical systems has continued to increase, creating more complex buildings. Today, we encounter problems with communication, boundaries between subcontractors, too many people in the same place at the wrong time and too little emphasis on the testing phase. In order to meet customer's expectations, to have a fully functional and tested product at a given time, several main contractors in Sweden have started to use a special subcontract coordinator in an effort to reduce problems.The case study method was used to find out how the subcontract coordinator was working, where in the organisation he should be placed and what he adds to the construction process. Studies have been conducted on several types of building projects, varying organisations and geographically spread projects.The need for the subcontract coordinator is clearly stated among all types of participants. The function adds a more holistic outlook in scheduling, communication, troubleshooting and performance testing before project completion. The aim of this study is to provide a guideline for the coordinator's work. The results can be used to achieve a smoother construction phase with a successful project close-out.
|
|
