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- Kingamkono, R., et al.
(författare)
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Enteropathogenic bacteria in faecal swabs of young children fed on lactic acid-fermented cereal gruels
- 1999
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 122:1, s. 23-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of consumption of a lactic acid-fermented cereal gruel togwa with pH ? 4 on the presence of faecal enteric bacteria such as campylobacter, enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC:O157), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), salmonella and shigella was evaluated. Under 5 years old healthy children listed in an ascending order of age were alternatively assigned and given either a lactic-acid fermented cereal gruel togwa (test diet) or an unfermented cereal gruel uji (control diet) once a day for 13 consecutive days. The presence of the enteropathogens was examined in rectal swabs collected from the children at baseline (before feeding session started), on days 7 and 13, and additionally 14 days (follow-up day) after the feeding session had stopped. The swabs were cultured on to different optimal media for respective enteropathogen and confirmed by standard microbiological and serological methods. Campylobacter spp. dominated among the enteropathogens (62% out of total) followed by Salmonella spp., ETEC and Shigella spp. Children with isolated enteropathogens in the togwa group was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) from 27.6% at baseline to 7.8, 8.2 and 12.7% on days 7, 13 and follow-up day, respectively. The effect was more pronounced in those children taking togwa > 6 times during the study period. In the control group, there was a slight decrease from 16.7% at baseline to 11.4% on day 7 and 8.1% on day 13. On the follow-up day, enteropathogens were found in 22.6% of the children, which was significantly higher than in those children taking togwa > 6 times. We conclude, that regular consumption of togwa with pH ? 4, once a day, three times a week may help to control intestinal colonization with potential diarrhoea-causing pathogens in young children.Campylobacter jejuni/coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and rotavirus are consistently implicated with diarrhea in children under age 5 years in developing countries. The influence of consumption of a lactic acid-fermented cereal gruel (togwa) with pH of less than or equal to 4 upon the presence of such fecal enteric bacteria was evaluated. 151 healthy children aged 6-60 months in Majohe village listed in an ascending order of age were alternatively assigned and given either togwa or an unfermented cereal gruel (uji) once a day for 13 consecutive days. The presence of enteropathogens was then examined in rectal swabs collected from the children at baseline before the feeding session started, on days 7 and 13, and 14 days later after the feeding session had stopped. 62% of the enteropathogens identified were of campylobacter spp., followed by Salmonella and Shigella spp. The proportion of children with isolated enteropathogens in the togwa group was significantly reduced from 27.6% at baseline to 7.8%, 8.2%, and 12.7% on days 7, 13, and the follow-up day, respectively. The effect was more pronounced among children taking togwa more than 6 times/day during the study period. In the control group, there was a slight decrease from 16.7% at baseline to 11.4% on day 7 and 8.1% on day 13. On the follow-up day, enteropathogens were found in 22.6% of the children, which was significantly higher than in those children taking togwa more than 6 times. The regular consumption of togwa with pH of less than or equal to 4, once per day, 3 times per week may help to control intestinal colonization with potential diarrhea-causing pathogens in young children.
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- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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High turnover rate of Escherichia coli strains in the intestinal flora of infants in Pakistan.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and infection. - 0950-2688. ; 121:3, s. 587-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Escherichia coli flora of infants in developed countries is dominated by one or a few strains which persist for prolonged periods of time, but no longitudinal studies have been performed in developing countries. To this end, we studied the rectal enterobacterial flora in 22 home-delivered Pakistani infants during their first 6 months of life. Three colonies were isolated and species typed on each of 11 sampling occasions. E. coli isolates were strain typed using electromorphic typing of cytoplasmic enzymes, and their O serogroups were determined. There was a very rapid turnover of enterobacterial strains in the rectal flora of individual infants. On average, 8.5 different E. coli strains were found per infant, and several biotypes of other enterobacteria. Less than 50% of the infants were colonized with E. coli from their mothers, but strains of maternal origin were four times more likely to persists in the infants' flora than other E. coli strains. Enterobacteria other than E. coli were always of non-maternal origin, and Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae biotypes recovered from contaminated feeds were later identified in the infants' rectal flora. An early colonization with klebsiella or enterobacter was significantly associated with diarrhoea during the neonatal period, although these bacteria were not likely to be the cause of the disease. The results suggest that poor hygienic conditions result in an unstable and diverse enterobacterial flora, which may influence infant health.
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| 4. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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P fimbriae and other adhesins enhance intestinal persistence of Escherichia coli in early infancy.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and infection. - 0950-2688. ; 121:3, s. 599-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resident and transient Escherichia coli strains were identified in the rectal flora of 22 Pakistani infants followed from birth to 6 months of age. All strains were tested for O-antigen expression, adhesin specificity (P fimbriae, other mannose-resistant adhesins or type 1 fimbriae) and adherence to the colonic cell line HT-29. Resident strains displayed higher mannose-resistant adherence to HT-29 cells, and expressed P fimbriae (P = 0.0036) as well as other mannose-resistant adhesins (P = 0.012) more often than transient strains. In strains acquired during the first month of life, P fimbriae were 12 times more frequent in resident than in transient strains (P = 0.0006). The O-antigen distribution did not differ between resident and transient strains, and none of the resident P-fimbriated strains belonged to previously recognized uropathogenic clones. The results suggest that adhesins mediating adherence to intestinal epithelial cells, especially P fimbriae, enhance the persistence of E. coli in the large intestine of infants.
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