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| 2. |
- Öst, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenetic modulation of metabolic decisions.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Cell Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-0674 .- 1879-0410. ; 33, s. 88-94
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the recent years there has been a tremendous increase in our understanding of chromatin, transcription and the importance of metabolites in their regulation. This review highlights what is currently sparse information that suggest existence of a refined system integrating metabolic and chromatin control. We indicate possible regulatory modes, such as feed forward amplification, that may help effect and stabilize long-lasting phenotypic decisions within and even across generations using adipogenesis as the primary context.
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| 3. |
- Hol, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the astrocyte intermediate filament system in diseases of the central nervous system
- 2015
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Cell Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-0674. ; 32, s. 121-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the hallmark intermediate filament (IF; also known as nanofilament) protein in astrocytes, a main type of glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes have a range of control and homeostatic functions in health and disease. Astrocytes assume a reactive phenotype in acute CNS trauma, ischemia, and in neurodegenerative diseases. This coincides with an upregulation and rearrangement of the IFs, which form a highly complex system composed of GFAP (10 isoforms), vimentin, synemin, and nestin. We begin to unravel the function of the IF system of astrocytes and in this review we discuss its role as an important crisis-command center coordinating cell responses in situations connected to cellular stress, which is a central component of many neurological diseases.
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| 4. |
- Sanchez Centellas, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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A cluster of aspartic residues in the extracellular loop II of PAR 4 is important for thrombin interaction and activation of platelets
- 2017
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Ingår i: Thrombosis Research. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0049-3848 .- 1879-2472. ; 154, s. 98-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thrombin activates platelets via proteolytic cleavage of protease-activated receptors (PARs) 1 and 4. The two PARs have distinct but complementary roles. The mechanisms responsible for PAR1 activation by thrombin have been extensively studied. However, much less is known regarding thrombin activation of PAR4, especially the potential involvement of regions of PAR4 other than the N-terminal, which is bound to the catalytic site of thrombin. We have studied PAR4 in S. cerevisiae strainMMY12, an expression system in which the GPCR receptors are connected to a Lac Z reporter gene resulting in increased beta-galactosidase activity. This approach was used to assess PAR4 mutants to evaluate the contribution of different aspartic residues in facilitating PAR4 activation. Furthermore, peptides mimicking parts of the PAR4 N-terminal and the second extracellular loop (ECLII) were tested for their ability to inhibit platelet activation by thrombin. Binding of these peptides to gamma-thrombin was studied by monitoring the decrease in tryptophan fluorescence intensity of thrombin. We conclude that not only the N-terminal but also the electronegative aspartic residues D224, D230 and D235 (located in ECLII) are be important for PAR4 binding to thrombin. We further suggest that they play a role for the tethered ligand binding to the receptor, as mutations also affected activation in response to a PAR4-activating peptide mimicking the new N-terminal formed after cleavage. This agrees with previous results on PAR1 and thrombin binding. We suggest that the ECLII of PAR4 could be a potential target for antithrombotic drug development. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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