| 1. |
- Kokaia, Z, et al.
(författare)
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BDNF makes cultured dentate granule cells more resistant to hypoglycaemic damage
- 1994
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 5:10, s. 4-1241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can improve neuronal survival in cell cultures of rat dentate gyrus subjected to a hypoglycaemic insult. Glucose deprivation for 15 h caused severe neuronal loss (about 70%). BDNF added either 24 h before or 4 h after onset of hypoglycaemia completely protected granule cells against this insult-induced damage. Nerve growth factor (NGF) had similar effects. These findings support the hypothesis that the rapid upregulation of BDNF mRNA in dentate granule cells after brief periods of hypoglycaemic coma and other insults is a local protective mechanism.
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| 2. |
- Rundgren, M, et al.
(författare)
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Intracerebroventricular infusion of glycine stimulates vasopressin release in conscious sheep.
- 1993
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 4:8, s. 1052-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously observed that elevation of the plasma glycine concentration stimulates vasopressin (AVP) release in man and sheep. In the present study we show that this effect of glycine can be elicited directly via a cerebral site of action in conscious sheep. Intracerebroventricular infusions of 0.05 and 0.15 M glycine solutions increased the plasma AVP concentration by 6 and 50 times, respectively, while no effect on water intake was observed. Hyperhydration did not block the stimulation of AVP release. No behavioural side effects, or changes in blood pressure, were observed in response to the infusions.
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| 3. |
- Elofsson, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Is nitric oxide (NO) produced by invertebrate neurons?
- 1993
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 1473-558X. ; 4, s. 279-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NADPH-DIAPHORASE (NADPHd) is known to be identical to nitric oxide (NO) synthase in the mammalian nervous system, and is therefore used as a marker of NO-producing neurones. Using the histochemical reaction for NADPHd, we searched for such neurones in a selection of invertebrates. Special emphasis was given to molluscs. No selective neuronal staining was found in representatives of coelenterates, turbellarians, nematodes and urochordates. In all annelids, arthropods and molluscs examined, with the exception of a chiton, specific neurones were selectively stained. The reaction was particularly strong in pulmonate molluscs where scattered positive neurones were found in various ganglia and clustered symmetrically in the paired buccal ganglia. Biochemical assay of NO synthase in osphradia of the gastropod mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis revealed a formation of citrullin that was inhibited by the specific NO synthase N[omega]-nitro-L-arginine (NO2Arg). Both histochemical and biochemical methods indicate that NO can be used as a signal molecule by specific neurones in advanced invertebrates.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, O G, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial learning impairments in rats with selective immunolesion of the forebrain cholinergic system
- 1992
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965. ; 3:11, s. 8-1005
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A monoclonal antibody to the low-affinity NGF receptor, 192 IgG, coupled to a cytotoxin, saporin, was recently introduced as an efficient selective neurotoxin for the NGFr-bearing cholinergic neurones in the rat basal forebrain. In the present study we report that an intracerebroventricular injection of this 192 IgG-saporin conjugate induces a severe, long-lasting spatial learning impairment, as assessed in the Morris water-maze task. This behavioural impairment was associated with 65-90% depletion of choline acetyltransferase activity (ChAT) in the hippocampus and cortex. ChAT activity associated with other cholinergic neurone systems in the brain (striatum, mesencephalon, spinal cord), was left virtually unaffected. This new immunotoxin holds great promise as a tool for selective and efficient lesions of the forebrain cholinergic system in functional and behavioural studies.
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| 5. |
- Ren Hu, Bing, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in tyrosine phosphorylation in neocortex following transient cerebral ischaemia
- 1993
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965. ; 4:2, s. 219-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth factor receptors activate protein tyrosine kinases, which are important for cell growth and survival. The protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity and the levels of phosphotyrosine (Ptyr) containing proteins were studied in the rat neocortex exposed to 15 min of transient cerebral ischaemia. The levels of the Ptyr containing proteins increase during recovery in the synaptosomal fraction, while the changes in the light membrane fraction are less marked. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the cytosol decreases. The differential changes in the levels of phosphotyrosine proteins in the particulate and cytosolic fractions suggest that the signal cascade from membrane bound receptors through tyrosine phosphorylation in the cytosol may be interrupted following ischaemia. This may be of importance for the development of neuronal damage.
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| 6. |
- Vecino, E, et al.
(författare)
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In situ hybridization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA in the goldfish brain
- 1994
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965. ; 6:1, s. 31-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distribution of neurones expressing neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA in the brain of the goldfish was investigated using a non-radioactive in situ hybridization technique. Neurones expressing NPY mRNA were located in cell groups previously shown to exhibit NPY immunoreactivity in the ventral telencephalon, thalamus, optic tectum and a region adjacent to the locus coeruleus. In addition, neurones expressing NPY mRNA were observed in the diffuse nucleus of the torus lateralis and in the mesencephalic tegmentum. Our results suggest that in the two latter groups of neurones the rate of transport of NPY from the perikarya is higher, or that NPY is not synthesized at levels detectable by immunocytochemistry.
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