| 1. |
- Bomberg, Eric M, et al.
(författare)
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Central ghrelin induces feeding driven by energy needs not by reward
- 2007
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 18:6, s. 591-595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Centrally administered ghrelin, the endogenous agonist of the growth hormone secretegogue receptor, powerfully stimulates food intake. Although the orexigenic action of this peptide has been well established, it remains unclear whether ghrelin-induced hyperphagia is driven by energy needs or by reward. In our study ghrelin was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle or the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of rats given a choice between a palatable yet calorie-dilute sucrose solution and a calorically dense chow. As a result of intraventricular and hypothalamic paraventricular ghrelin injections, animals increased intake of chow but not sucrose. When the sucrose solution was offered as the only source of calories, rats treated with ghrelin infused in the ventricle and site-specifically increased sucrose consumption. These results suggest that the primary effect of ghrelin is to stimulate food intake to satisfy energy needs.
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| 2. |
- Brännvall, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Central nervous system stem/progenitor cells form neurons and peripheral glia after transplantation to the dorsal root ganglion.
- 2006
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 17:6, s. 623-628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We asked whether neural stem/progenitor cells from the cerebral cortex of E14.5 enhanced green fluorescent protein transgenic mice are able to survive grafting and differentiate in the adult rat dorsal root ganglion. Neurospheres were placed in lumbar dorsal root ganglion cavities after removal of the dorsal root ganglia. Alternatively, dissociated neurospheres were injected into intact dorsal root ganglia. Enhanced green fluorescent protein-positive cells in the dorsal root ganglion cavity were located in clusters and expressed beta-III-tubulin or glial fibrillary acidic protein after 1 month, whereas after 3 months, surviving grafted cells expressed only glial fibrillary acidic protein. In the intact adult DRG, transplanted neural stem/progenitor cells surrounded dorsal root ganglion cells and fibers, and expressed glial but not neuronal markers. These findings show that central nervous system stem/progenitor cells can survive and differentiate into neurons and peripheral glia after xenotransplantation to the adult dorsal root ganglion.
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| 3. |
- Brännvall, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental cues from CNS, PNS, and ENS cells regulate CNS progenitor differentiation
- 2008
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 19:13, s. 1283-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellular origin and environmental cues regulate stem cell fate determination. Neuroepithelial stem cells form the central nervous system (CNS), whereas neural crest stem cells generate the peripheral (PNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS). CNS neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) fate determination was investigated in combination with dissociated cultures or conditioned media from CNS, PNS, or ENS. Cells or media from ENS or PNS cultures efficiently promoted NSPC differentiation into neurons, glia, and smooth muscle cells with a similar morphology as the feeder culture. Together with CNS cells or its conditioned medium, NSPC differentiation was partly inhibited and cells remained immature. Here, we demonstrate that secreted factors from the environment can influence CNS progenitor cells to choose a PNS-like cell fate.
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| 4. |
- Ekman, A., et al.
(författare)
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Neuromuscular block and the electroencephalogram during sevoflurane anaesthesia
- 2007
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 18:17, s. 1817-1820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of neuromuscular block on the anaesthetic depth of hypnosis is an elusive question. We simultaneously investigated the influence of neuromuscular block on the bispectral index, a measure of hypnosis during general anaesthesia, and on the electroencephalogram. Patients were anaesthetized with sevoflurane. Noxious tetanic electrical stimulation was applied on two occasions: before and after profound neuromuscular block achieved with rocuronium. Neuromuscular block significantly attenuated the effect from noxious stimulation on electroencephalogram power and synchrony in the γ band (P<0.05), and the corresponding effect on bispectral index (P<0.02). These findings are probably due to the reduced arousing afferent input from paralysed muscles, and not to changes in the frontal electromyogram.
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| 5. |
- Fridberger, Anders, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Local mechanical stimulation of the hearing organ by laser irradiation
- 2006
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 17:1, s. 33-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Light produces force when interacting with matter. Such radiation pressure may be used to accelerate small objects along the beam path of a laser. Here, we demonstrate that a moderately powerful laser can deliver enough force to locally stimulate the hearing organ, in the absence of conventional sound. Damped mechanical oscillations are observed following brief laser pulses, implying that the organ of Corti is locally resonant. This new method will be helpful for probing the mechanical properties of the hearing organ, which have crucial importance for the ear's ability to detect sound.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Ann-Sofi, et al.
(författare)
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Attenuated amyloid-β aggregation and neurotoxicity owing to methionine oxidation
- 2007
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 18:6, s. 559-563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aggregation of the amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide into amyloid plaques is a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease neuropathogenesis. We and others have previously demonstrated delayed Abeta aggregation as a consequence of oxidizing a single methionine residue at position 35 (Met-35). Here, we examined the consequences of Met-35 oxidation on the extremely aggregation-prone peptides Abeta1-42 and Abeta1-40Arctic with respect to protofibril and oligomer formation as well as neurotoxicity. Size exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry demonstrated that monomer/dimers prevailed over larger oligomers after oxidizing Met-35, and consequently protofibril formation and aggregation of both Abeta1-42 and Abeta1-40Arctic were delayed. The oxidized peptides completely lacked neurotoxic effects in cortical neuronal cultures under these conditions, in contrast to the neurotoxic properties of the unoxidized peptides. We conclude that oxidation of Met-35 significantly attenuates aggregation of Abeta1-42 and Abeta1-40Arctic, and thereby reduces neurotoxicity.
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| 8. |
- Koivisto, Mika, et al.
(författare)
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Electrophysiological correlates of visual consciousness and selective attention
- 2007
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 18:8, s. 753-756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is not clear whether attention is necessary or not for consciousness. We studied the relationship between attention and consciousness by tracking their electrophysiological correlates. The participants attended to visual targets, ignored nontargets in the prespecified visual field and ignored all stimuli in the opposite field. Visual consciousness was varied by masking. Our results showed that the earliest electrophysiological correlate of consciousness emerged independent of the manipulations of spatial and nonspatial attention. Conversely, the electrophysiological correlate of attention, selection negativity, was elicited regardless of the presence or absence of consciousness. Only the correlates of later, higher-level conscious processes strongly depended on attention. Thus, the electrophysiological brain responses reflecting visual consciousness and attention are initially independent of each other.
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| 9. |
- Kozlova, Elena N., 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Differentiation and migration of neural crest stem cells are stimulated by pancreatic islets
- 2009
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 20:9, s. 833-838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) migrate during embryonic development towards the endoderm-derived pancreas and the interaction between NCSCs and beta-cellprogenitors is crucial for their mutual differentiation. In diabetes, loss ofbeta-cells or impaired beta-cell function is accompanied by nerve degeneration,which contributes to the progression of the disease. Here we show that adultpancreatic islets markedly promote differentiation of NCSCs towards neuronalphenotype in vitro and in vivo after transplantation and increase their migrationtowards islets. These findings indicate that pancreatic islets can be used topromote differentiation of NCSCs towards neuronal phenotype and that thisin-vitro system may help elucidate interactions between NCSCs and healthy ordiseased beta-cells.
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| 10. |
- Kruusmagi, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Intracellular dynamics of calcyon, a neuron-specific vesicular protein
- 2007
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 18:15, s. 1547-1551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calcyon is a brain-specific protein, implicated in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In this descriptive study we show that calcyon is exclusively expressed in neurons, and localized in moving vesicles. The movement of calcyon-containing vesicles was dependent on temperature and on intact microtubules, in addition these vesicles were colocalized with a marker for endocytosed plasma membrane proteins, suggesting that calcyon vesicles follow the endocytic recycling pathway. We also show using evanescent wave microscopy that there is a pool of ready releasable calcyon vesiclesaccumulated beneath the plasma membrane. We conclude that the mobility and storage properties of calcyon-containing vesicles imply that they play a role in brain plasticity.
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