| 1. |
- Ahmad, Abdulbaghi, et al.
(författare)
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Applying EMDR on children with PTSD
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 17:3, s. 127-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To find out child-adjusted protocol for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Method Child-adjusted modification were made in the original adult-based protocol, and within- session measurements, when EMDR was used in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on thirty-three 6-16-year-old children with post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD). Results EMDR was applicable after certain modifications adjusted to the age and developmental level of the child. The average treatment effect size was largest on re-experiencing, and smallest on hyperarousal scale. The age of the child yielded no significant effects on the dependent variables in the study. Conclusions A child-adjusted protocol for EMDR is suggested after being applied in a RCT for PTSD among traumatized and psychosocially exposed children.
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| 2. |
- Bruce, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD and language impairment A study of the parent questionnaire FTF (Five to Fifteen).
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-165X .- 1018-8827. ; 15:1, s. 52-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The parental questionnaire FTF (Five to Fifteen) was given to parents of 76 children (mean age 11 years) diagnosed with ADHD. About half of the children had at least once been referred to a speech- and language pathologist. Most of them had not received any intervention or follow-up. A factor analysis identified six problem areas, which explain close to 75% of the total variation: Cognitive Skills, Motor/Perception, Emotion/Socialisation/Behaviour, Attention, Literacy Skills and Activity Control. The majority of the children had pragmatic problems, which are associated with some of the core aspects of the ADHD symptoms, especially inattention and impulsiveness. Communication and language comprehension caused these children many more problems than expressive language. Problems of reading and writing were very frequent. IQ-score was associated with maths and reading/writing. Additional items reflecting language skills, in particular language comprehension and pragmatics, were also found in other domains in the FTF, mainly in Executive functions, Learning and Social skills. Problems with language and pragmatics thus seem to be associated with the typical problems with learning and social skills in children with ADHD.
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| 3. |
- Buitelaar, Jan K, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of North American versus non-North American ADHD study populations.
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 15:3, s. 177-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few large, prospective clinical studies in Europe have assessed the validity and applicability of research methods used to study ADHD in North America. To assess comparability of study populations, we examined baseline patient characteristics from a group of North American studies against those of a large European/African/Australian study. All studies used identical diagnostic assessments and inclusion criteria, with ADHD diagnosis and the presence of comorbid psychiatric conditions confirmed using the KSADS-PL. Raters were trained and assessed to ensure uniform diagnostic and symptom severity rating standards. Six hundred and four patients (mean age = 10.2 years) enrolled in the non-North American study, and 665 patients (mean age = 10.4 years) enrolled in the North American study. The proportion of girls was higher in the North American studies (29.2% vs. 10.4%, p < 0.001). In both groups, most patients had a positive family history of ADHD and previous stimulant treatment. Fewer had the inattentive subtype of ADHD, and mean severity was slightly higher in the non-North American study. Results demonstrate that, when a uniform set of rigorous, standardized diagnostic criteria are used by skilled clinicians, the patient populations identified are generally similar. This supports the practice of generalizing results from treatment studies across geographies.
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Per E, et al.
(författare)
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Polytraumatization and Psychological Symptoms in Children and Adolescents
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 18:5, s. 274-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research on the impact of traumatic experiences in children and adolescents has focused almost entirely on the effect of single trauma. Research on cumulative traumas been lacking, but Finkelhor (2007) has recently directed the attention to the concept of polyvictimization. As an extension of this concept, this study examined the impact of polytraumatization, operationalized as the number of different potentially traumatic events. The study population comprised two cross-sectional samples of school-aged children (n = 270) and adolescents (n = 400). Information of life-time incidence of traumatic events was collected by the Life Incidence of Traumatic Events (LITE), and psychological symptoms by the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for the school children and the self-report Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) for the adolescents. We found that exposure to at least one traumatic event was common in both the samples (63% of the children and 89.5% of the adolescents). The number of different traumatic events, polytraumatization, was highly predictive of symptoms in both samples, and with a few exceptions surpassed the impact of specific events in exploratory analyses. We furthermore replicated previous findings of the important impact of interpersonal over noninterpersonal events on symptoms in both samples, and found an indication that this effect differed by gender in different manners in the two samples. This study emphasizes the significance of both the quantity of traumatic events, polytraumatization, as well as the quality, interpersonal events.
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| 5. |
- Ivarsson, Tord, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Categorical and dimensional aspects of co-morbidity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 17:1, s. 20-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) defined at the diagnostic level encompasses divergent symptoms and is often associated with other psychiatric problems. The present study examines OCD versus co-morbid symptom patterns in OCD in children and adolescents in order to investigate the presence of diagnostic heterogeneity. Subjects and methods A total of 113 outpatients with primary OCD participated. The patients’ and primary caretakers’ responses on semi-structured interviews (child version of Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and the Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale) and parents’ responses on the Child Behaviour Checklist were used in the study. Psychiatric diagnoses were related to CBCL syndrome scores and CBCL scores were compared with the Swedish normative data. Results Co-morbid diagnoses were very common and only one out of five patients had only OCD. The most common group was the neuropsychiatric disorders (47%) where tic disorders were most common (27%), especially among boys (40.8%; P = .006, Fisher’s exact test). Also anxiety disorders were common (39.8%) as were affective disorders (24.8%) neither with any gender differences. Diagnoses of disruptive disorders were less common (8.8%), almost exclusively of the oppositional kind (ODD) (8.8%). From the dimensional point of view using the CBCL, patients with OCD scored higher than Swedish youngster generally do, and some gender differences were seen in that girls scored higher on anxiety and depression while both girls and boys had high scores on thought problems, attention problems and especially aggressive behaviour. Comorbidities explained from 25 to 50% scores of the CBCL sub-syndrome scales, often with both main effects and through complex patterns of interaction with gender, OCD-severity and other co-morbid problems. Conclusions While co-morbid problems is an important facet of OCD, sub-syndromal levels of symptoms that can be assessed using a dimensional approach, is a large part of the total symptom burden in these youngsters. Our data indicate contributions of different pathways for girls and for boys for several comorbid problems together with OCD-severity.
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| 6. |
- Koposov, Roman A, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol abuse in Russian delinquent adolescents. Associations with comorbid psychopathology, personality and parenting.
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 14:5, s. 254-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Adolescent delinquency and alcohol abuse have become a growing concern in Russia. Psychopathology, a dysfunctional family and specific personality factors have all been linked to addictive and antisocial behavior. Since delinquent youth represent a specific risk group, where alcohol misuse tends to be more pronounced than in the general population, the objectives of this study were: 1) to compare differences in personality and parenting factors, and in psychopathology in juvenile delinquents with and without alcohol abuse; and 2) to evaluate the associations between alcohol abuse, personality and parenting factors, after controlling for comorbid psychopathology.METHODS: Psychopathology, including alcohol abuse, was assessed by means of a psychiatric interview in 229 Russian incarcerated male juvenile delinquents. In addition, alcohol use, personality, and parenting factors were assessed by self-reports.RESULTS: Alcohol-abusing delinquents (n=138) scored significantly higher on novelty seeking and maternal emotional warmth and reported higher levels of psychopathology, as compared to nonalcohol-abusing delinquents (n=91). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that personality and parenting factors were significantly related to alcohol abuse, even after controlling for comorbid psychopathology.CONCLUSION: Alcohol-abusing delinquents are at risk for a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders. Alcohol abuse is associated with personality and parenting factors independently of comorbid psychopathology. Early interventions with high-risk youths may help to reduce their psychiatric problems and alcohol abuse.
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| 7. |
- Lindblad, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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School performance of international adoptees better than expected from cognitive test results
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 18:5, s. 301-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate school performance of international adoptees in relation to their cognitive competence. METHOD: From the population of all male Swedish residents born 1973-1976, registered in the census 1985 and with complete test scores from military conscription, the following study groups were identified: Korean adoptees (n = 320), non-Korean adoptees (n = 1,125), siblings (children born by adoptive parents, n = 190) and Swedish majority comparisons (n = 142,024). Global scores from intelligence tests at conscription were compared with grade points from the last compulsory school year (year 9). Linear and logistic regression was applied in statistical analyses. RESULTS: The mean grade points in theoretical subjects were lower in non-Korean adoptees than in the majority population, but when global test scores from military conscription were adjusted for, outcomes were significantly better, equal for physics, than in the majority population. The grade points of Korean adoptees were higher than in the majority population and the same held true after adjusting for global test scores. When SES was taken into account, the risk of poor school performance (only completed lower subject levels) increased in non-Korean adoptees compared to models only adjusted for age and sex. CONCLUSION: Male international adoptees generally perform better in school than expected by their cognitive competence. A cognitive evaluation is important in the assessment of adoptees with learning difficulties.
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| 8. |
- Lindquist, Barbro, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioural problems and autism in children with hydrocephalus : a population-based study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 15:4, s. 214-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of behavioural problems and autism in a population-based group of children with hydrocephalus and to see whether learning disabilities, cerebral palsy (CP), epilepsy, myelomeningocele (MMC) or preterm birth increase the risk of these problems. METHOD: In the 107 children with hydrocephalus born in western Sweden in 1989-1993, behaviour was assessed using the Conners' parent rating scales in 66 and the teacher's rating scales in 57. Autism was investigated using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. RESULTS: Parents rated 67% of the children and teachers 39% of the children as having behavioural problems (>1.5 SD, or T score >65). Learning disabilities increased the risk significantly and almost all the children with CP and/or epilepsy had behavioural problems. Autism was present in nine children (13%), in 20% of those without MMC and in one of 26 with MMC. Autism was significantly more frequent in children with learning disabilities (27% vs. 7%) and in children with CP and/or epilepsy (33% vs. 6%). CONCLUSION: The majority of children with hydrocephalus have behavioural problems and many have autism. It is therefore important to assess and understand all the aspects of cognition and behaviour in these children in order to minimise disability and enhance participation for the child.
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| 9. |
- Narusyte, Jurgita, et al.
(författare)
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Aggression as a mediator of genetic contributions to the association between negative parent-child relationships and adolescent antisocial behavior
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - Berlin : Springer. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 16:2, s. 128-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research suggests that the association between conflictual parent–child relationships and maladjustment among adolescents is influenced by genetic effects emanating from the adolescents. In this study, we examined whether these effects are mediated by childhood aggression. The data come from the Twin study of CHild and Adolescent Development (TCHAD), a Swedish longitudinal study including 1,314 twin pairs followed from age 13–14 to 16–17. Early adolescent aggression, parental criticism, and delinquency in later adolescence were rated by parents and children at different time points. Multivariate genetic structural equation models were used to estimate genetic and environmental influences on these constructs and on their covariation. The results showed that approximately half of the genetic contribution to the association between parental criticism and delinquency was explained by early adolescent aggression. It suggests that aggression in children evokes negative parenting, which in turn influences adolescent antisocial behavior. The mechanism proposed by these findings is consistent with evocative gene–environment correlation
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| 10. |
- Petersen, Dorthe Janne, et al.
(författare)
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The population prevalence of child psychiatric disorders in Danish 8- to 9-year-old children.
- 2006
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Ingår i: European child & adolescent psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 15:2, s. 71-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall prevalence rates of general and specific child psychiatric disorders in Danish children are unknown. In this study, which aimed to estimate prevalence rates, a multi-method strategy using a two-step design was employed. The first step involved assessment with the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). The second step consisted of assessment using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children; Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL), The Children's Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS), The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISCIII), The Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), and a checklist containing the diagnostic criteria for Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD). Non-respondents were assessed through teachers using a modified brief version of the K-SADS-PL. A total of 751 children were targeted. The overall estimated prevalence rate of child psychopathology was 11.8 % [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.8, 14.8]. Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was found to be the most common specific child psychiatric disorder. There was no difference in prevalence rates between respondents and non-respondents. The estimated prevalence rates were broadly comparable to prevalence rates found in other epidemiological studies. The teacher-based interview proved to be a valid instrument for the assessment of non-respondents.
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