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- Elgh, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Altered prefrontal brain activity in persons at risk for Alzheimer's disease : an f-MRI study
- 2003
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Ingår i: International psychogeriatrics. - 1041-6102 .- 1741-203X. ; 15:2, s. 121-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical for adequate treatment and care. Recently it has been shown that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be important in preclinical detection of AD. The purpose of this study was to examine possible differences in memory-related brain activation between persons with high versus low risk for AD. This was achieved by combining a validated neurocognitive screening battery (the 7-minutes test) with memory assessment and fMRI. METHODS: One hundred two healthy community-living persons with subjective memory complaints were recruited through advertisement and tested with the 7-minutes test. Based on their test performance they were classified as having either high (n = 8) or low risk (n = 94) for AD. Six high-risk individuals and six age-, sex-, and education-matched low-risk individuals were investigated with fMRI while engaged in episodic memory tasks. RESULTS: The high-risk individuals performed worse than low-risk individuals on tests of episodic memory. Patterns of brain activity during episodic encoding and retrieval showed significant group differences (p < .05 corrected). During both encoding and retrieval, the low-risk persons showed increased activity relative to a baseline condition in prefrontal brain regions that previously have been implicated in episodic memory. By contrast, the high-risk persons did not significantly activate any prefrontal regions, but instead showed increased activity in visual occipito-temporal regions. CONCLUSION: Patterns of prefrontal brain activity related to episodic memory differ between persons with high versus low risk for AD, and lowered prefrontal activity may predict subsequent disease.
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- Gatz, M, et al.
(författare)
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Telephone screening to identify potential dementia cases in a population-based sample of older adults
- 2002
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Ingår i: International psychogeriatrics. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1041-6102 .- 1741-203X. ; 14:3, s. 273-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the utility of the TELE, a telephone assessment for dementia, in a sample of 269 individuals that was not selected on the basis of previous dementia diagnosis. Thus, the conditions of the study reflect the actual situation in which a screening instrument might be employed. Scores on TELE were compared to dementia diagnoses. Using the best cutoff score, sensitivity was .86 and specificity was .90. Longitudinal follow-up established that false positives primarily included those who subsequently developed dementia. Telephone screening for dementia has both clinical and research applications. One recommendation based on our experience is that longitudinal studies should include a telephone interview component for anyone who drops out of the study, to enable characterizing the cognitive status of dropouts.
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- Gotell, E, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of caregiver singing and background music on posture, movement, and sensory awareness in dementia care
- 2003
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Ingår i: International psychogeriatrics. - NEW YORK : SPRINGER PUBLISHING CO. - 1041-6102 .- 1741-203X. ; 15:4, s. 411-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aim: Previous research suggested caregiver singing could influence persons with severe dementia to communicate with increased competence, to cease aggression, and to cease disruptive screaming, while at the same time they seemed to understand what was going on when being cared for during morning care sessions. The aim of this study was to illuminate the posture, body movements, and sensory awareness of patients with dementia during three types of morning care sessions with professional caregivers: (a) the usual morning care situation, (b) a caring session in which familiar background music was played, and (c) a caring session in which the caregiver sang to and/or with the patient throughout. Nine patients with late-stage dementia and 5 professional caregivers participated in this study, and 27 sessions were videotaped (9 patients x 3 caring situations). Data Collection and Method: Data collection was done by means of video recording and the data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: During the usual caring situation, patients demonstrated slumped posture, sluggish and asymmetric motion, listlessness, minimal awareness of both egocentric space and the physical environment, and a poor ability to perform to completion activities necessary for personal care. Both background music playing and caregiver singing had strong influences on the body and on sensory awareness. Patients had straightened posture, stronger and more symmetric movements, and a greatly increased awareness of themselves and their environment. Patients appeared to regain skills necessary for daily living, and demonstrated that they could perform tasks with intention, purpose, and competence. Caregiver singing, in particular, was very effective at drawing out capabilities that appeared to be lost in these patients. In addition, caregiver singing elicited a larger degree of mutuality in the interaction between patient and caregiver than was seen with background music. Discussion: These results provide further support for the use of caregiver singing in dementia care, and the findings on how caregiver singing can be used to help in dementia caring situations are discussed.
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- Gustafson, Deborah, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Body mass index and white matter lesions in elderly women. An 18-year longitudinal study.
- 2004
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Ingår i: International psychogeriatrics / IPA. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1041-6102 .- 1741-203X. ; 16:3, s. 327-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We investigated the longitudinal relationship between body mass index (BMI), a major vascular risk factor, and white matter lesions (WMLs) in older women. METHODS: Twenty-seven Swedish women were followed from age 70 to 88. Measurements of BMI, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were conducted at 70, 75, 79, 85, and 88 years. WMLs were measured using computerized tomography at age 85 and 88 (85/88). RESULTS: Women with any WMLs at age 85/88 had higher BMI at age 70 (p = 0.003) and 75 (p = 0.006), compared to women without WMLs. Increasing severity of WMLs was related to BMI at age 70 (p < 0.001), 75 (p < 0.001), 79 (p = 0.017), and 85 (p = 0.025). After consideration of other vascular factors, BMI at age 70, 75, and 79 was most significantly related to WML at 85/88. Every 1.0 kg/m2 increase in BMI at age 70 increased risk of WMLs twofold. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity may be important contributors to the presence of WMLs in the elderly.
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