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- Ain, Noor U., et al.
(författare)
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Biallelic TMEM251 variants in patients with severe skeletal dysplasia and extreme short stature
- 2020
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 42:1, s. 89-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skeletal dysplasias are a heterogeneous group of disorders ranging from mild to lethal skeletal defects. We investigated two unrelated families with individuals presenting with a severe skeletal disorder. In family NMD02, affected individuals had a dysostosis multiplex-like skeletal dysplasia and severe short stature (<-8.5 SD). They manifested increasingly coarse facial features, protruding abdomens, and progressive skeletal changes, reminiscent of mucopolysaccharidosis. The patients gradually lost mobility and the two oldest affected individuals died in their twenties. The affected child in family ID01 had coarse facial features and severe skeletal dysplasia with clinical features similar to mucopolysaccharidosis. She had short stature, craniosynostosis, kyphoscoliosis, and hip-joint subluxation. She died at the age of 5 years. Whole-exome sequencing identified two homozygous variants c.133C>T; p.(Arg45Trp) and c.215dupA; p.(Tyr72Ter), respectively, in the two families, affecting an evolutionary conserved gene TMEM251 (NM_001098621.1). Immunofluorescence and confocal studies using human osteosarcoma cells indicated that TMEM251 is localized to the Golgi complex. However, p.Arg45Trp mutant TMEM251 protein was targeted less efficiently and the localization was punctate. Tmem251 knockdown by small interfering RNA induced dedifferentiation of rat primary chondrocytes. Our work implicates TMEM251 in the pathogenesis of a novel disorder and suggests its potential function in chondrocyte differentiation.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Nadine G, et al.
(författare)
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Novel F8 and F9 gene variants from the PedNet Hemophilia Registry classified according to ACMG/AMP guidelines
- 2020
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 41:12, s. 2058-2072
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In hemophilia A and B, analysis of the F8 and F9 gene variants enables carrier- and prenatal diagnosis and prediction of risk for development of inhibitors. The PedNet Registry collects clinical, genetic and phenotypic data prospectively on >2000 children with hemophilia. The genetic reports of F8/F9 gene variants were classified uniformly to HGVS nomenclature and re-evaluated using international population- and disease-specific databases, literature survey and, where applicable, computational predictive programs. We report 88 novel variants in the F8 and F9 genes, 80 fulfilling criteria for class 5 (pathogenic), six for class 4 (likely pathogenic) and two fulfilling criteria for class 3 (variant of unknown significance) of the ACMG (American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics)/AMP (Association for Molecular Pathology) guidelines together with information on the respective phenotype and inhibitor formation. The study highlights the need to re-evaluate and update earlier genetic reports in hemophilia both locally but also in variant databases in the light of changed nomenclature and new guidelines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Collantes, Edward Ryan A., et al.
(författare)
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EFEMP1 rare variants cause familial juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 43:2, s. 240-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) is a severe type of glaucoma with onset before age 40 and dominant inheritance. Using exome sequencing we identified 3 independent families from the Philippines with novel EFEMP1 variants (c.238A>T, p.Asn80Tyr; c.1480T>C, p.Ter494Glnext*29; and c.1429C>T, p.Arg477Cys) co-segregating with disease. Affected variant carriers (N = 34) exhibited severe disease with average age of onset of 16 years and with 76% developing blindness. To investigate functional effects, we transfected COS7 cells with vectors expressing the three novel EFEMP1 variants and showed that all three variants found in JOAG patients caused significant intracellular protein aggregation and retention compared to wild type and also compared to EFEMP1 variants associated with other ocular phenotypes including an early-onset form of macular degeneration, Malattia Leventinese/Doyne's Honeycomb retinal dystrophy. These results suggest that rare EFEMP1 coding variants can cause JOAG through a mechanism involving protein aggregation and retention, and that the extent of intracellular retention correlates with disease phenotype. This is the first report of EFEMP1 variants causing JOAG, expanding the EFEMP1 disease spectrum. Our results suggest that EFEMP1 mutations appear to be a relatively common cause of JOAG in Filipino families, an ethnically diverse population.
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| 9. |
- Kolomenski, Jorge E., et al.
(författare)
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An update on genetic variants of the NKX2-5
- 2020
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : WILEY. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 41:7, s. 1187-1208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NKX2-5 is a homeodomain transcription factor that plays a crucial role in heart development. It is the first gene where a single genetic variant (GV) was found to be associated with congenital heart diseases in humans. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive survey of NKX2-5 GVs to build a unified, curated, and updated compilation of all available GVs. We retrieved a total of 1,380 unique GVs. From these, 970 had information on their frequency in the general population and 143 have been linked to pathogenic phenotypes in humans. In vitro effect was ascertained for 38 GVs. The homeodomain had the biggest cluster of pathogenic variants in the protein: 49 GVs in 60 residues, 23 in its third alpha-helix, where 11 missense variants may affect protein-DNA interaction or the hydrophobic core. We also pinpointed the likely location of pathogenic GVs in four linear motifs. These analyses allowed us to assign a putative explanation for the effect of 90 GVs. This study pointed to reliable pathogenicity for GVs in helix 3 of the homeodomain and may broaden the scope of functional and structural studies that can be done to better understand the effect of GVs in NKX2-5 function.
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