| 1. |
- Crane, Catherine, et al.
(författare)
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Suicidal imagery in a previously depressed community sample
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : WILEY. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 19:1, s. 57-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study sought to replicate previous findings of vivid suicide-related imagery in previously suicidal patients in a community sample of adults with a history of depression. Twenty-seven participants were interviewed regarding suicidal imagery. Seventeen participants reported prior suicidal ideation or behaviour in the clinical assessment, and the vast majority of these also reported experiencing suicide-related imagery when at their most depressed and despairing, in many cases in the form of flash-forwards to imagined future suicidal acts. Interestingly, five of the 10 participants who did not report suicidal ideation or behaviour in the clinical interview also described prominent imagery related to themes of death and suicide, but in several cases, these images were associated with meanings that seemed to act to reduce the likelihood of subsequent suicidal acts. Severity of prior suicidality was associated with lower levels of imagery-related distress and higher levels of imagery-related comfort. These findings support the idea that suicide-related imagery is an important component in the phenomenology of depression and despair and hint at potentially important differences in the meaning associated with such imagery between those individuals who report experiencing suicidal ideation or behaviour when depressed and those who do not. The findings are consistent with Joiner's model of acquired capability for suicide through habituation to pain and fear of suicide and suggest that it may be useful to tackle such imagery directly in the treatment of suicidal patients. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 2. |
- Davies, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Involuntary Memories after a Positive Film Are Dampened by a Visuospatial Task : Unhelpful in Depression but Helpful in Mania?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : WILEY. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 19:4, s. 341-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spontaneous negative mental images have been extensively researched due to the crucial role they play in conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder. However, people can also experience spontaneous positive mental images, and these are little understood. Positive images may play a role in promoting healthy positive mood and may be lacking in conditions such as depression. However, they may also occur in problematic states of elevated mood, such as in bipolar disorder. Can we apply an understanding of spontaneous imagery gained by the study of spontaneous negative images to spontaneous positive images? In an analogue of the trauma film studies, 69 volunteers viewed an explicitly positive (rather than traumatic) film. Participants were randomly allocated post-film either to perform a visuospatial task (the computer game Tetris) or to a no-task control condition. Viewing the film enhanced positive mood and immediately post-film increased goal setting on a questionnaire measure. The film was successful in generating involuntary memories of specific scenes over the following week. As predicted, compared with the control condition, participants in the visuospatial task condition reported significantly fewer involuntary memories from the film in a diary over the subsequent week. Furthermore, scores on a recognition memory test at 1?week indicated an impairment in voluntary recall of the film in the visuospatial task condition. Clinical implications regarding the modulation of positive imagery after a positive emotional experience are discussed. Generally, boosting positive imagery may be a useful strategy for the recovery of depressed mood. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 3. |
- Elfström, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Swedish version of the clinical outcomes in routine evaluation outcome measure (CORE-OM)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : Wiley. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 20:5, s. 447-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to perform an initial validation of a Swedish translation of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). The CORE-OM is a broad self-report instrument of psychological problems, designed as an outcome measure for evaluating the effects of psychological therapy. Participants included a non-clinical group of 229 university students and a clinical group of 619 persons from four primary care sites. The Swedish CORE-OM showed excellent acceptability, high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as well as acceptable convergent validity. There was strong differentiation of the clinical and non-clinical samples, with the clinical group scoring significantly more psychological problems than the non-clinical group. Sensitivity to change was demonstrated in psychological treatments in primary care. Overall, the psychometric characteristics of the Swedish CORE-OM were very similar to the original UK data. Nevertheless, the validity of the Swedish version needs to be examined more in detail, in larger and more diverse samples. Our results so far, however, provide support for using the Swedish CORE-OM as a psychological problems measure. To our knowledge, there are few other relatively short measures in Swedish that are free to reprint that meet the demands for psychometric properties and utility in primary care settings in which patients typically present a broad range of psychological problems.
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| 4. |
- Kuutmann, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring In-Session Focus on the Patient-Therapist Relationship : Patient Characteristics, Process and Outcome
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : Wiley. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 19:3, s. 187-202
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored the amount of in-session focus on the patienttherapist relationship during early treatment with patient pre-treatment interpersonal style, personality pathology, patient ratings of session process and outcome. The sample consisted of 76 outpatients engaged in short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. Results showed that higher levels of pre-treatment personality pathology and interpersonal problems were positively related to a greater focus on the patienttherapist relationship early in treatment. This was especially true for patients with a cold/distant interpersonal style and low self-esteem. Moreover, these two patient pre-treatment characteristics demonstrated a significant change over the course of therapy. These post-treatment changes also demonstrated a significant relationship with greater early treatment focus on the patienttherapist relationship. In addition, we found an interaction effect between quality of object relations (i.e., higher levels of object relations) and greater early treatment focus on the patienttherapist relationship with subsequent changes in patient cold/distant interpersonal problems. Greater in-session focus on the therapeutic relationship was not significantly related to patient ratings of session process. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
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