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- Archer, C. Ruth, et al.
(författare)
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Nutritional Geometry Provides Food for Thought
- 2009
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 64A:9, s. 956-959
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary Restriction extends lifespan in a diverse range of animals, but this often comes at a cost to reproduction. While a number of molecular pathways integral to these relationships have been characterised, we still do not fully understand whether restriction of specific nutrients or calories is responsible. Two recent studies on insects have offered novel insights into this longstanding issue via the application of Nutritional Geometry. This technique promises to significantly advance our understanding of how nutrition influences reproduction and longevity.
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- Burholt, Vanessa, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and Validity of the Older Americans Resources and Services (OARS) Social Resources Scale in six European Countries
- 2007
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 62B:6, s. 371-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This paper documents the applicability of the Older Americans Resources and Services (OARS) Social Resources Scale in six European Countries (the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy, Austria, the United Kingdom and Sweden). METHOD: A questionnaire was administered through face-to-face interviews in five countries, and postal interview in the sixth, to representative populations of adults aged 50-90 living independently (N=12478). The paper examines the missing values and distribution of the items in the social resources scale, and the consistency of skew and kurtosis across the countries. Item-total correlations are performed. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) are run to test a three factor model which was obtained in USA and Spanish analyses. Cronbach’s Alpha determines the reliability of the social resources sub-scales. RESULTS: Relatively large proportion of missing data is observed for one item (have someone who would help you). All items correlate with a score equal to or greater than 0.20. Although the CFA generally support the acceptability of the three factor structure in the European data, the reliability of two of the sub-scales (dependability and affective) is unacceptably low. DISCUSSION: Differences across countries makes it unlikely a single social resources scale can be developed that would have item equivalence in multiple countries.
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- Florvall, Gösta, et al.
(författare)
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Apolipoprotein A1 Is a Stronger Prognostic Marker Than Are HDL and LDL Cholesterol for Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Elderly Men
- 2006
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 61:12, s. 1262-1266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and B (ApoB) with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as markers for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in elderly men. We analyzed serum ApoA1, ApoB, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C in a group of 77-year-old men (n = 785). The results were correlated with data from the Swedish cause of death registry. Receiver-operating characteristic curves showed that, of the studied serum markers, ApoA1 was the best predictor for ischemic heart disease mortality (area under the curve = 0.724, 95% confidence interval, 0.691-0.755). There were also significant correlations between the apolipoproteins and other known risk markers for cardiovascular disease such as triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and cystatin C. Serum ApoA1 is a better risk marker than are ApoB, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, HDL-C, and LDL-C for cardiovascular disease and mortality in elderly men.
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- Ochala, Julien, et al.
(författare)
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Single skeletal muscle fiber elastic and contractile characteristics in young and older men
- 2007
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 62:4, s. 375-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current investigation was designed to: (a) assess the impact of aging on elastic characteristics of single skeletal muscle fibers from young (N = 6) and older men (N = 6); and (b) correlate the potential changes, with the fiber contractile properties. Chemically skinned single muscle fibers (n = 235) from vastus lateralis muscle were maximally activated. Maximal force and cross-sectional area were measured, and specific force calculated. The slack test was used to measure maximal unloaded shortening velocity. A quick release of 0.15% of fiber length was applied to determine instantaneous stiffness. The myosin heavy chain isoform composition of each single fiber was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Aging induces changes in both fiber elasticity (i.e., increased instantaneous stiffness) and contractility (i.e., reduced specific force and unloaded shortening velocity) in type I and IIa fibers. However, the changes in fiber stiffness may not directly influence contractile characteristics alterations.
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- Wikby, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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An immune risk phenotype, cognitive impairment, and survival in very late life : Impact of allostatic load in Swedish octogenarian and nonagenarian humans
- 2005
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 60:5, s. 556-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the previous OCTO longitudinal study, we identified an immune risk phenotype (IRP) of high CD8 and low CD4 numbers and poor proliferative response. We also demonstrated that cognitive impairment constitutes a major predictor of nonsurvival. In the present NONA longitudinal study, we simultaneously examine in a model of allostatic load IRP and compromised cognition in 4-year survival in a population-based sample (n = 138, 86-94 years). Immune system measurements consisted of determinations of T-cell subsets, plasma interleukin 6 and cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus serology. Interleukin 2 responsiveness to concanavalin A, using data from the previous OCTO (octogenarians) immune study, hereafter OCTO immune, was also examined. Cognitive status was rated using a battery of neuropsychological tests. Logistic regression indicated that the IRP and cognitive impairment together predicted 58% of observed deaths. IRP was associated with late differentiated CD8+CD28-CD27 - cells (p < .001), decreased interleukin 2 responsiveness (p < .05) and persistent viral infection (p < .01). Cognitive impairment was associated with increased plasma interleukin 6 (p < .001). IRP individuals with cognitive impairment were all deceased at the follow-up, indicating an allostatic overload. Copyright 2005 by The Gerontological Society of America.
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