| 1. |
- Brunnberg, Elinor, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-rated mental health, school adjustment, and substance use in hard-of-hearing adolescents
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1081-4159 .- 1465-7325. ; 13:3, s. 324-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This survey, "Life and Health—Young People 2005," included all 15/16-year-old adolescents in mainstream schools in the county of Örebro, Sweden. Just students with a slight/mild or moderate hearing loss were included. There were 56 (1.9%) "hard-of-hearing (HH) students with multiple disabilities," 93 (3.1%) students who were "just HH," 282 (9.7%) students with some "other disability than HH," and 2,488 (85.2%) students with "no disability." "HH with multiple disabilities" reported considerably higher scores for mental symptoms, substance use, and school problems than the "no disability" group. Those with "just HH" and those with "other disability than HH" had more mental symptoms and school problems than the "no disability" group but no significant differences in substance use. In conclusion, the combination of a hearing loss and some other disability strongly increases the risk for mental symptoms, school problems, and substance use. This group, thus, is an important target for preventive measures.
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| 2. |
- Falkman, Kerstin Watson, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Do you see what I mean? Shared reference in non-native signing deaf children.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1081-4159 .- 1465-7325. ; 11, s. 410-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A group of non-native, early signing deaf children between the ages of 7 and 11 years were tested on a referential communication task. A group of hearing children matched for sex and mental and chronological age were also included in the study. The aim was to study the deaf children's ability to take another persons perspective in a task that resembled a real-life communicative situation to a higher extent than the standard theory of mind (ToM) tasks. A further aim was to investigate the possible importance of a number of background variables such as mental and chronological age, working memory, and false-belief attribution. Results show that the hearing children outperformed the deaf children on the referential communication task and that results were highly correlated with both chronological and mental age, as well as with working memory. There was a positive, but not significant, correlation between false belief and success on the referential communication task. This is an indication that the two tasks tap different abilities and that false belief might be necessary, but not sufficient in order to be skilled in the art of referential communication. The possible role of working memory in the referential communication task is also discussed. The results support the hypothesis of the importance of early talk about mental states for the later development of ToM abilities.
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| 3. |
- Rudner, Mary, et al.
(författare)
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Explicit processing demands reveal language modality specific organization of working memory
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1081-4159 .- 1465-7325. ; 13:4, s. 466-484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The working memory model for Ease of Language Understanding(ELU) predicts that processing differences between languagemodalities emerge when cognitive demands are explicit. Thisprediction was tested in three working memory experiments withparticipants who were Deaf Signers (DS), Hearing Signers (HS),or Hearing Nonsigners (HN). Easily nameable pictures were usedas stimuli to avoid confounds relating to sensory modality.Performance was largely similar for DS, HS, and HN, suggestingthat previously identified intermodal differences may be dueto differences in retention of sensory information. When explicitprocessing demands were high, differences emerged between DSand HN, suggesting that although working memory storage in bothgroups is sensitive to temporal organization, retrieval is notsensitive to temporal organization in DS. A general effect ofsemantic similarity was also found. These findings are discussedin relation to the ELU model.
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| 4. |
- Rydberg, Emelie, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Toward an equal level of educational attainment between deaf and hearing people in Sweden?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 1081-4159 .- 1465-7325. ; 14:3, s. 312-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various educational reforms in Sweden have resulted in a formally equivalent educational system for deaf and hearing pupils. Has this resulted in equal levels of educational attainment? This article compares 2,144 people born between 1941 and 1980 who attended a special education program for the deaf and 100,000 randomly chosen individuals from the total population born between 1941 and 1980. Data consist of registered information about the individuals in the year 2005. Results demonstrate that the deaf population has a lower level of educational attainment than the reference population. Women have a higher level of educational attainment than men, and younger people have a higher level than older people in each population. Neither sex, age category, nor immigrant background accounts for the variance in the level of educational attainment between the populations. The educational reforms have not been sufficient to reduce the unequal level of educational attainment between deaf and hearing people.Education in Sweden for deaf and hearing people has differed historically. A significant difference is that deaf pupils attend special schools. However, the government has strived for equal education for the deaf and hearing. Various educational reforms have resulted in a formally equivalent educational system for deaf and hearing pupils. Has such formal equivalence also resulted in equal levels of educational attainment? The study presented here focuses on this question. Lower levels of unemployment and higher levels of income are associated with high levels of educational attainment (Welsh & Foster, 1991; Welsh & MacLeod-Gallinger, 1992).To be defined as deaf in this article, a person is to have a hearing loss at an early age and to have attended a special school for the deaf. The definition of deaf used in other sources referred to here varies in parts such as Education in Sweden and Level of Educational Attainment for Deaf People, but most define a deaf person as one who has attended a special educational program for the deaf.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bergek, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Do technology strategies matter? A comparison of two electrical engineering corporations, 1988-1998
- 2009
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Ingår i: Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0953-7325 .- 1465-3990. ; 21:4, s. 445-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to reap competitive advantage from innovation, a firms technology activities should square with its technology strategy - but how do technology strategies relate to activities and financial performance in relevant business areas? This paper investigates this question by means of a comparison between two leading firms in the electrical engineering industry: ABB and General Electric. We show that substantial performance differences between these companies in the power generation field are related to differences in their espoused technology strategies (as indicated by statements in annual reports) and technology activities (as indicated by patenting) and the degree of alignment between these.
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| 7. |
- Bergek, Anna, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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'Legitimation' and 'development of positive externalities' : Two key processes in the formation phase of technological innovation systems
- 2008
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Ingår i: Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0953-7325 .- 1465-3990. ; 20:5, s. 575-592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Responding to the climate change challenge requires a massive development and diffusion of carbon neutral technologies and, thus, emergence and growth of new socio-technical systems. This paper contributes to an improved understanding of the formative phase of new technological innovation systems (TIS) by outlining a framework for analysing TIS dynamics in terms of structural growth and key innovation-related processes ("functions") and by discussing two of these functions at some depth: "legitimation" and "development of positive externalities". Empirical examples are provided from case studies on renewable energy technologies. We highlight the problematic role of technology assessment studies in shaping legitimacy and the importance of early market formation for the emergence of "packs of entrepreneurs" that may contribute to legitimation, and discuss how exploitation of overlaps between different TISs may create positive externalities, opening up for a powerful "bottom-up" process of system growth. Associated policy and management challenges are identified.
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| 8. |
- Fogelberg, Hans, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding reflexive systems of innovation: An analysis of Swedish nanotechnology discourse and organisation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0953-7325 .- 1465-3990. ; 20:1, s. 65-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We seek to understand how nanotechnology can contribute to the development of a more sustainable society in general, and to investigate Swedish nanotechnology in particular. On the one hand, the research interest is on how nanoscience can be turned into used products, that is, innovation. On the other hand, we acknowledge that innovation itself is the main producer of risk in modern societies. Inspired by sociology and economics of innovation, we try to capture this by introducing the term 'reflexive system of innovation' to denote a system made up of heterogenous elements, such as discursive components (expressions of knowledge and normative and regulative stands) and organizational components (actors and knowledge), evolving in a non-linear way through external influences as well as self re-enforcing and self-regulating processes. We present the evolution of a Swedish nanotechnology system from the 1980s to the present, as it moves through phases characterized by different kinds of discourse and organization. Evaluating the Swedish case against the concept of a reflexive system of innovation, we find advanced academic knowledge production but a lack of interconnectivity between actors, few actors outside the research community entering the system and a weak function of anticipation, guidance and risk handling. Broad national nanotechnology initiatives (NNIs) may be important for the crystallization of the desired processes, but because neither innovation nor risk can be fully contained, an NNI may only be part of the input to a fully fledged reflexive system of innovation in nanotechnology.
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| 9. |
- Frishammar, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The role of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation for new product development performance in manufacturing firms
- 2007
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Ingår i: Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. - Abingdon : Carfax Publishing. - 0953-7325 .- 1465-3990. ; 19:6, s. 765-788
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall purpose of this article is to examine the relationships between two strategic orientations and performance in new product development. The first orientation considered is market orientation; the second one considered is entrepreneurial orientation, which reflects a firm's propensity to innovate, to be proactive, as well as its willingness to take risks. Drawing upon a sample of 224 mid-sized manufacturing firms, multiple regressions with and without interaction terms were used for testing seven hypotheses. The results show that a market orientation and innovativeness were positively related to performance in new product development, while proactiveness and risk taking show no such relationship. The results also show that neither product characteristics nor environmental characteristics moderate these relationships. In terms of implications, our results suggest that contradictory and to some extent paradoxical capabilities are needed to increase performance in new product development, and that the different components of an entrepreneurial orientation do not impact new product development performance equally.
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| 10. |
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