| 1. |
- Tukker, Arnold, et al.
(författare)
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The Impacts of Household Consumption and Options for Change
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1530-9290 .- 1088-1980. ; 14:1, s. 13-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This introductory article situates the contributions that comprise this special issue within the field of sustainable consumption and production (SCP) studies. After a brief review of the policy history surrounding SCP, we organize our discussion and the subsequent collection of articles into two groups. The first suite of articles views the environmental impacts associated with household consumption from the perspectives of different consumer groups, income levels, and geographic areas. This work confirms and refines several insights that have been developing over the past several years, namely that food and beverages, mobility, housing, and energy-using products are the most critical consumption domains from the standpoint of environmental sustainability and that higher household income leads to greater (but less than proportional) impacts. The second subset of articles analyzes the potential for mitigating these impacts through behavioral changes and innovation strategies. Though the contributions to this special issue describe several noteworthy examples of information- and team-based initiatives to catalyze behavioral changes, the state of knowledge pertaining to this aspect of the consumption problematique is much more inchoate. Research on the formulation and implementation of effective "change management for sustainable consumption" should be treated as an area of priority attention for industrial ecologists.
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| 2. |
- Fransson, Kristin, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Flows of Chemical Risk Information in the Consumer Paint Product Chain
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1530-9290 .- 1088-1980. ; 17:2, s. 310-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study the flows of chemical risk information for paint as a consumer product were investigated from a product chain perspective. The main method of research involved semi-structured interviews with Swedish manufacturers of paint and chemicals. In addition, retailers and consumers were interviewed. The flows of chemical risk information between actors within (e.g., manufacturers, retailers, and consumers) and outside (e.g., industry associations and regulators) the paint product chain are described. Because the European chemical legislation REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of CHemicals) plays a large role in the management of chemical risk information at companies, some consequences of REACH on actors in the paint product chain are described. Examples of such consequences are that importing of chemicals from nonEuropean Union (EU) countries may be discouraged and that some low-volume chemicals may no longer be produced. However, manufacturers do not yet see these consequences as impediments to innovation. The results of this work show that chemical risk information is most comprehensive during the manufacturing steps of the product chain. This is due not only to tradition and industry initiatives, but also to REACH and other legislation. The results also illustrate the need for evaluation of how chemical risk information is used in different contexts and the importance of directing the right information at the right target group. Following legislative development, more specialized information is required in the safety data sheet (SDS), and because of this many manufacturers find it necessary to create simplified safety sheets that make the most pertinent safety and hazard information easily accessible to individuals that handle the chemicals in their factories. The study found that in creating the simplified safety sheets, the content and use of chemical risk information is evaluated and adjusted for presentation to this particular target group. It is evident that the Swedish Paint and Printing Ink Makers Association plays an important role in the interpretation of legal requirements and even in agreements for providing information that exceeds legal requirements.
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| 3. |
- Lindhqvist, Thomas
(författare)
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Policies for Waste Batteries
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1530-9290 .- 1088-1980. ; 14:4, s. 537-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Liptow, Christin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Study of Polyethylene Based on Sugarcane and Crude Oil
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1530-9290 .- 1088-1980. ; 16:3, s. 420-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A potential strategy for tackling the negative environmental impact of conventional plastics is to produce them from renewable resources. However, such a strategy needs to be assessed quantitatively, by life cycle assessment (LCA) for example. This screening LCA is intended to identify key aspects that influence the environmental impact of sugarcane low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and compare these results against fossil-based LDPE. The study showed that the major contributors to the environmental impact of sugarcane LDPE are ethanol production, polymerization, and long-distance sea transport. The comparison between sugarcane- and oil-based plastics showed that the sugarcane alternative consumes more total energy, although the major share is renewable. Moreover, for their potential impacts on acidification, eutrophication, and photochemical ozone creation, no significant difference between the two materials exists. However, with regard to global warming potential (GWP), the contribution of land use change (LUC) is decisive. Although the range of LUC emissions is uncertain, in the worst case they more than double the GWP of sugarcane LDPE and make it comparable to that of fossil-based LDPE. LUC emissions can thus be significant for sugarcane LDPE, although there is need for a consistent LUC assessment method. In addition, to investigate the influence of methodological choices, this study performed attributional and consequential assessments in parallel. No major differences in key contributors were found for these two assessment perspectives.
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| 5. |
- Manomaivibool, Panate, et al.
(författare)
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Extended producer responsibility in Thailand: Prospects for policies on waste electrical and electronic equipment
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1530-9290 .- 1088-1980. ; 15:2, s. 185-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) sheds light on the dimmer side of production and consumption patterns in modern societies. The rapid increase in its quantity and complexity contribute to the challenges it poses to solid waste management systems. Several members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have relied on the principle of extended producer responsibility (EPR) to tackle the issue, with varying degrees of success. Several non-OECD countries, including Thailand, are now developing WEEE programs and are looking for lessons from these first movers. This case study aims to provide an understanding both of this context and of the EPR program for WEEE proposed for Thailand. It finds that EPR mechanisms in general, and the proposed buy-back system financed by product fees in Thailand in particular, have a strong potential to consolidate WEEE collection for the formal recycling sector by offering end users monetary incentives. On the negative side, this is an expensive combination of policy instruments, and the institutional design of the governmental fund is rigid. The policy proposal also contains no mechanism for product redesign—one of the objectives in the national WEEE strategy. This article suggests that the effectiveness of the policy might benefit from more flexibility at the compliance scheme level, in order to lessen the monopoly of the governmental fund, as well as the introduction of differentiated fees to promote environmentally friendly products.
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| 6. |
- Tukker, Arnold, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable Consumption and Production
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1530-9290 .- 1088-1980. ; 14:1, s. 1-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Kalmykova, Yuliya, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Pathways and Management of Phosphorus in urban areas
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1530-9290 .- 1088-1980. ; 16:6, s. 928-939
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the finite nature of mineral phosphorus reserves, effective management of anthropogenicphosphorus flows is currently under investigation by the international researchcommunity. This article emphasizes the importance of urban phosphorus flows, which areoften marginalized due to the greater magnitude of agricultural phosphorus flows. A studyon phosphorus flows in Gothenburg, Sweden, points out the potential role of solid waste innutrient management, as the amounts of phosphorus in solid waste and in wastewater werefound to be equal. Importation of food commodities accounts for 50% of the total inflowof phosphorus, and food waste is a major contributor of phosphorus to solid waste. Theresults suggest that solid waste incineration residues represent a large underestimated sinkof phosphorus. Focusing on wastewater as the sole source of recovered phosphorus is notsufficient. The Swedish national goal on phosphorus recycling, which is limited to sewagesludge, targets only a part of the total phosphorus flow that can potentially be recovered.In contrast to previous studies, agricultural flows in Gothenburg were marginal comparedto flows related to the urban waste management infrastructure. We emphasize the needfor debate on preferable routes for disposal of waste with a high phosphorus content. Bothrecovery potential and usefulness of the recovered product for agricultural purposes haveto be considered. Impacts of five waste management strategies on phosphorus flows wereevaluated: incineration of all the waste, comprehensive food waste separation, installationof kitchen grinders, urine diversion, and separation of blackwater and food waste.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Arvidsson, Rickard, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Particle flow analysis. Exploring Potential Use Phase Emissions of Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles from Sunscreen, Paint and Cement
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1530-9290 .- 1088-1980. ; 16:3, s. 343-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several authors have highlighted the potential risks of nanoparticles (NPs). Still, little is knownabout the magnitude of emissions of NPs from society. Here, the method of explorativeparticle flow analysis (PFA), a modification of the more well-known substance flow analysis(SFA), is suggested. In explorative PFA, particle number instead of mass is used as flowand stock metric and explorative scenarios are used to account for potential technologydiffusion and, consequently, potentially higher emissions. The method has been applied ina case study of the use phase of titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs in paint, sunscreen andself-cleaning cement. The results indicate that the current largest emissions of TiO2 NPsoriginate from the use of sunscreen. One scenario implies that, in the future, the largestflows and stocks of TiO2 NPs could be related to self-cleaning cement. Gaps in currentknowledge are identified and suggestions for future research are given.
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| 10. |
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