| 1. |
- Nordin, Gabriella, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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The complex fertility of indigenous Sami and non-reindeer-herding settlers in Jokkmokk 1815–1895
- 2014
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In: Polar Geography. - 1088-937X .- 1939-0513. ; 37:2, s. 157-176
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Even though contemporary fertility shows a steady decrease among indigenous populations in the circumpolar area during the twentieth century, they display a far higher fertility compared to the rest of the population's respective countries. In the absence of Swedish modern data on ethnicity, this study concentrates on fertility in historical times to improve our knowledge on Sami fecundity. Using digitized parish records we aim to study nineteenth century fertility among the Sami and non-Sami in an ethnically mixed parish in the Northern Sweden. The sources also enable an intra-ethnic perspective; thus, the study includes comparisons between forest and mountain Sami. The data revealed a Sami fertility deviating not only from their non-Sami neighbors, but also to a Swedish average. Both Sami and non-Sami women had very low birth rates among young women; nevertheless, Sami women gave birth to fewer children than the non-Sami. Toward the end of the nineteenth century non-Sami women showed crude birth rates well above both Sami and a Swedish average. The fertility pattern among the forest and the mountain Sami revealed both social and economic differences within the Sami group.
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| 2. |
- Pashkevich, Albina, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Making Russian arctic accessible for tourists : analysis of the institutional barriers
- 2014
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In: Polar Geography. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1088-937X .- 1939-0513. ; 37:2, s. 137-156
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent improvements in nature protection in the European territory of Russia’s Arctic islands and archipelagoes – such as the creation of the Russian Arctic National Park – have also resulted in an increase in visitation to this area. This study uses the Key Informants’ Technique to analyze Russian tourism planning and development of this territory since 2011. The majority of the principle stakeholders identified for this study agreed that these areas have great potential for tourism development and are already attracting both foreign and Russian tourists. At the same time, impediments to foreign cruise companies and individual travelers spell rather gloomy prospects for further destination development in the area. The contradictions of the current stage of tourism development support the assumption that Russia’s territorial interests still prevail. Tourism development appears to be a top-down enterprise, organized by less experienced tourism developers and bureaucrats and without consideration for the long-term perspective.
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| 3. |
- Turi, Ellen Inga, et al.
(author)
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Governing reindeer husbandry in western Finnmark : barriers for incorporating traditional knowledge in local-level policy implementation
- 2014
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In: Polar Geography. - 1088-937X .- 1939-0513. ; 37:3, s. 234-251
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Norway, recent policy reforms for indigenous reindeer husbandry incorporate traditional social organizational units into the governance regime, and are intended to induce greater internal autonomy through self-regulation. Implementation of the reforms have, however, proved challenging, both in terms of achieving policy goals and for incorporating internal autonomy. This article explores how reindeer herders' traditional knowledge and social organization are incorporated into policy implementation through legislative, economic, institutional, and informational means, focusing on western Finnmark, where implementation challenges have been most pronounced. By drawing upon an analysis of policy documents in combination with semi-structured interviews, this paper highlights barriers to knowledge integration induced by the design of supportive policy instruments of information and institution building, where traditional knowledge is de-prioritized in relation to scientific knowledge and notions of rationality and practicality. As such, this study draws attention to the importance of considering the design of supportive policy instruments from a traditional knowledge perspective, and in particular, to asymmetrical power relations between ways of knowing.
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