| 1. |
- Alexeyev, O. A., et al.
(författare)
-
Sampling and detection of skin Propionibacterium acnes : Current status
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1075-9964 .- 1095-8274. ; 18:5, s. 479-483
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A connection between acne vulgaris and Propionibacterium acnes has long been suggested. Over the years, several human skin microbiota sampling methods have been evolved and applied, e.g. swab, scrape, extraction techniques including cyanoacrylate gel sampling as well as punch biopsy. Collected samples have been processed following various methodologies ranging from culture studies to probe labelling and molecular analysis. Direct visualization techniques have recently shown the existence of anatomically distinct skin P acnes populations: epidermal and follicular. P. acnes biofilms appear to be a common phenomenon. Current sampling approaches target different skin populations of P. acnes and the presence of microbial biofilms can influence the retrieval of P. acnes. The anatomical considerations must be taken into account while interpreting microbiological data. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ambalam, Padma, et al.
(författare)
-
In vitro Mutagen binding and antimutagenic activity of human Lactobacillus rhamnosus 231
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8274 .- 1075-9964. ; 17:5, s. 217-222
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In vitro mutagen binding ability of human Lactobacillus rhamnosus 231 (Lr 231) was evaluated against acridine orange (AO), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 2-amino-3, 8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD). Binding of AO by Lr 231 is due to adsorption, thereby leading to removal of mutagen in solution and is instantaneous, pH- and concentration-dependent. Whereas, binding of MNNG and MeIQx by Lr 231 results into biotransformation leading to detoxification with subsequent loss of mutagenicity as determined by spectral analysis, thin layer chromatography and Ames test. Binding of mutagen by Lr 231 was dependent on culture age and optimum binding of AO, MNNG and MeIQx was observed to occur with 24 h old culture. Cells of Lr 231 were subjected to different chemical treatments prior to binding studies. Results indicated cell wall component such as cell wall polysaccharide, peptidoglycan, carbohydrates and proteins plays an important role in adsorption of AO, also involving hydrophilic and ionic interactions. Binding, biotransformation and detoxification of MNNG and MeIQx by Lr 231 was dependent on cell surface characteristics mainly involving carbohydrates, proteins, teichoic acid/lipoteichoic acid, hydrophobic interaction and presence of thiol group. L rhamnosus 231 bound MNNG instantaneously. More than 96 (p < 0.01) and 70% (p < 0.05) cells remained viable after mutagen binding and various pretreatments respectively. This study shows Lr 231 exhibits ability to bind and detoxify potent mutagens, and this property can be useful in formulating fermented foods for removal of potent mutagens. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 3. |
- Dahlén, Gunnar, 1944, et al.
(författare)
-
Oral microflora in betel-chewing adults of the Karen tribe in Thailand.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8274 .- 1075-9964. ; 16:4, s. 331-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study a possible influence of betel chewing on the composition of the oral microflora in plaque and saliva and on oral health parameters as well as a possible betel effect on oral bacteria in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-two adults (16 betel chewers and 16 non-betel-chewing controls) of the Karen Hill tribe in Thailand were investigated. Saliva samples and 2 pooled supragingival plaque samples were taken from each individual for microbial analysis with culture and 4 subgingival samples for analysis with the DNA-DNA hybridization method against 12 periodontitis associated bacterial species. Caries (DMFS), plaque (PlI%) and bleeding on probing (% BoP) was registered as well as number of sites with >5mm probing pocket depth (PPD). Water extract of the betel (areca chatechu) nut was tested for its antimicrobial effect in vitro against 10 oral bacterial species with the agar diffusion method. RESULTS: An antimicrobial effect of betel nut water extract was found on the oral microorganisms in vitro. The levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva were low or absent in both chewers and controls. The prevalence of the periodontitis associated bacteria was >90%. Betel chewers had significantly lower levels of some bacteria in subgingival plaque (Prevotella intermedia p<0.001) than non-chewers. This study population was low in missing teeth (mean 0.7 and 0.3), caries decay (DS 2.1 vs 1.6), and number of deep pockets (mean 1.9 vs 1.3). Great variation in oral hygiene (PlI and BoP) between the subjects was seen. CONCLUSIONS: An antimicrobial effect of the betel nut was found in vitro and with a possible effect also in vivo; however it did not seem to influence clinical parameters such as plaque index, caries prevalence (DMFS), bleeding on probing and number of deep pockets.
|
|
| 4. |
- D'Aimmo, Maria Rosaria, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Biosynthesis and cellular content of folate in bifidobacteria across host species with different diets
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8274 .- 1075-9964. ; 30, s. 169-177
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Bifidobacteria, one of the most common bacteria of the intestinal tract, help establish balance in the gut microbiota and confer health benefits to the host. One beneficial property is folate biosynthesis, which is dependent on species and strains. It is unclear whether the diversity in folate biosynthesis is due to the adaptation of the bifidobacteria to the host diet or whether it is related to the phylogeny of the animal host. To date, folate production has been studied in the bifidobacteria of omnivorous, and a few herbivorous, non-primate hosts and humans, but not in carnivores, non-human primates and insects. In our study we screened folate content and composition in bifidobacteria isolated from carnivores (dog and cheetah), Hominoidea omnivorous non-human primates (chimpanzee and orangutan) and nectarivorous insects (honey bee). Results: Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. globosum, a species typically found in non-primates, was isolated from dog and cheetah, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium dentium, species typically found in humans, were respectively obtained from orangutan and chimpanzee. Evidence of folate biosynthesis was found in bifidobacteria isolated from non-human primates, but not from the bifidobacteria of carnivores and honey-bee. On comparing species from different hosts, such as poultry and herbivorous/omnivorous non-primates, it would appear that folate production is characteristic of primate (human and non-human) bifidobacteria but not of non-primate. Isolates from orangutan and chimpanzee had a high total folate content, the mean values being 7792 mu g/100 g dry matter (DM) for chimpanzee and 8368 mu g/100 g DM for orangutan. The tetrahydrofolate (H(4)folate) and 5-niethyl-tetrahydrofolate (5-CH3-H(4)folate) distribution varied in the bifidobacteria of the different animal species, but remained similar in the strains of the same species: B. dentium CHZ9 contained the least 5-CH3-H(4)folate (3749 mu/100 g DM), while B. adolescentis ORG10 contained the most (8210 mu g/100 g DM). Conclusion: Our data suggest a correlation between phylogenetic lineage and capacity of folate production by bifidobacteria, rather than with dietary type of the host.
|
|
| 5. |
- Davidsson, Sabina, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Multilocus sequence typing and repetitive-sequence-based PCR (DiversiLab) for molecular epidemiological characterization of Propionibacterium acnes isolates of heterogeneous origin
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier. - 1075-9964 .- 1095-8274. ; 18:4, s. 392-399
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive bacillus predominantly found on the skin. Although it is considered an opportunistic pathogen it is also been associated with severe infections. Some specific P. acnes subtypes are hypothesized to be more prone to cause infection than others. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the ability to discriminate between P. acnes isolates of a refined multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method and a genotyping method, DiversiLab, based on repetitive-sequence-PCR technology.The MLST and DiversiLab analysis were performed on 29 P. acnes isolates of diverse origins; orthopedic implant infections, deep infections following cardiothoracic surgery, skin, and isolates from perioperative tissue samples from prostate cancer. Subtyping was based on recA, tly, and Tc12S sequences.The MLST analysis identified 23 sequence types and displayed a superior ability to discriminate P. acnes isolates compared to DiversiLab and the subtyping. The highest discriminatory index was found when using seven genes. DiversiLab was better able to differentiate the isolates compared to the MLST clonal complexes of sequence types.Our results suggest that DiversiLab can be useful as a rapid typing tool for initial discrimination of P. acnes isolates. When better discrimination is required, such as for investigations of the heterogeneity of P. acnes isolates and its involvement in different pathogenic processes, the present MLST protocol is valuable.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Jahns, Anika C, et al.
(författare)
-
Simultaneous visualization of Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum with immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier. - 1075-9964 .- 1095-8274. ; 23, s. 48-54
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and Propionibacterium granulosum (P. granulosum) are common skin colonizers that are implicated as possible contributing factors in acne vulgaris development. We have established direct visualization tools for the simultaneous detection of these closely related species with immunofluorescence assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). As proof of principle, we were able to distinguish P. acnes and P. granulosum bacteria in multi-species populations in vitro as well as in a mock skin infection model upon labelling with 16S rRNA probes in combinatorial FISH as well as with antibodies. Furthermore, we report the co-localization of P. acnes and P. granulosum in the stratum corneum and hair follicles from patients with acne vulgaris as well as in healthy individuals. Further studies on the spatial distribution of these bacteria in skin structures in various skin disorders are needed.
|
|
| 9. |
- Kondepudi, Kanthi Kiran, et al.
(författare)
-
Prebiotic-non-digestible oligosaccharides preference of probiotic bifidobacteria and antimicrobial activity against Clostridium difficile.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8274 .- 1075-9964. ; 18:5, s. 489-497
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bifidobacterium breve 46, Bifidobacteriumlactis 8:8 and Bifidobacteriumlongum 6:18 and three reference strains B. breve CCUG 24611, B. lactis JCM 10602, and Bifidobacteriumpseudocatenulatum JCM 1200 were examined for acid and bile tolerance, prebiotic utilization and antimicrobial activity against four Clostridium difficile (CD) strains including the hypervirulent strain, PCR ribotype NAP1/027. B. lactis 8:8 and B. lactis JCM 10602 exhibited a high tolerance in MRSC broth with pH 2.5 for 30 min. B. breve 46 and B. lactis 8:8 remained 100% viable in MRSC broth with 5% porcine bile after 4 h. All six strains showed a high prebiotic degrading ability (prebiotic score) with galactooligosaccharides (GOS), isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOS) and lactulose as carbon sources and moderate degradation of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) was metabolized to a greater extent by B. lactis 8:8, B. lactis JCM 10602, B. pseudocatenulatum JCM 1200 and B. longum 6:18 (prebiotic score >50%). All strains exhibited extracellular antimicrobial activity (AMA) against four CD strains including the CD NAP1/027. AMA of B. breve 46, B. lactis 8:8 and B. lactis JCM 10602 strains was mainly ascribed to a combined action of organic acids and heat stable, protease sensitive antimicrobial peptides when cells were grown in MRSC broth with glucose and by acids when grown with five different prebiotic-non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs). None of C. difficile strains degraded five prebiotic-NDOs. Whole cells of B. breve 46 and B. lactis 8:8 and their supernatants inhibited the growth and toxin production of the CD NAP1/027 strain.
|
|
| 10. |
- Lawson, Paul A, et al.
(författare)
-
Dysgonomonas hofstadii sp. nov., isolated from a human clinical source.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8274 .- 1075-9964. ; 16:2, s. 161-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Gram-negative staining, facultative anaerobic, cocco-bacillus-shaped organism was isolated from a post-operative abdominal wound. Based on morphological and biochemical criteria, strain MX 1040 (=CCUG 54731(T)) was tentatively identified as Bacteroidaceae but did not correspond to any recognized species of this family. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the organism to be related to species of the genus Dysgonomonas, although sequence divergence values of >5% with the other members of this genus demonstrated the organism to represent a novel species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the novel organism to be most closely related to Dysgonomonas gadei. The major long-chain cellular fatty acids of the novel species consisted of iso-C(14:0), anteiso-C(15:0), C(16:0), and iso-C(16:0). Based on the phenotypic criteria and phylogenetic considerations, it is proposed that strain MX 1040 from a human clinical source represents a new species of the genus Dysgonomonas, as Dysgonomonas hofstadii sp. nov. The type strain of D. hofstadii is CCUG 54731(T) (=CCM 7606(T)).
|
|
