| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Aronsson, Thomas, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
-
A Note on Public Goods in a Decentralized Fiscal Union : Implications of a Participation Constraint
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Urban Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0094-1190 .- 1095-9068. ; 84, s. 1-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper re-examines the question of whether federal ex-post redistribution in terms of public funds leads to under-provision of public goods when member states may leave the economic federation. We show that federal ex-post redistribution under a binding participation constraint does not necessarily mean under-provision of local and federal public goods.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Fosgerau, Mogens, et al.
(författare)
-
Commuting for meetings
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Urban Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0094-1190 .- 1095-9068. ; 81, s. 104-113
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban congestion causes travel times to exhibit considerable variability, which leads to coordination problems when people have to meet. We analyze a game for the timing of a meeting between two players who must each complete a trip of random duration to reach the meeting, which does not begin until both are present. Players prefer to depart later and also to arrive sooner, provided they do not have to wait for the other player. We find a unique Nash equilibrium, and a continuum of Pareto optima that are strictly better than the Nash equilibrium for both players. Pareto optima may be implemented as Nash equilibria by penalty or compensation schemes.
|
|
| 5. |
- Fosgerau, Mogens, et al.
(författare)
-
Congestion in a city with a central bottleneck
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Urban Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0094-1190 .- 1095-9068. ; 71:3, s. 269-277
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider dynamic congestion in an urban setting where trip origins are spatially distributed. All travelers must pass through a downtown bottleneck in order to reach their destination in the CBD. Each traveler chooses departure time to maximize general concave scheduling utility. We find that, at equilibrium, travelers sort according to their distance to the destination; the queue is always unimodal regardless of the spatial distribution of trip origins. We construct a welfare maximizing tolling regime, which eliminates congestion. All travelers located beyond a critical distance from the CBD gain from tolling, even when toll revenues are not redistributed, while nearby travelers lose. We discuss our results in the context of acceptability of tolling policies.
|
|
| 6. |
- Fosgerau, Mogens, et al.
(författare)
-
Hypercongestion in downtown metropolis
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Urban Economics. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 0094-1190 .- 1095-9068. ; 76, s. 122-134
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engineering studies demonstrate that traffic in dense downtown areas obeys a stable functional relationship between average speed and density, including a region of 'hypercongestion', where flow decreases with density. This situation can be described as queuing behind a bottleneck whose capacity declines when the queue is large. We combine such a variable-capacity bottleneck with Vickrey scheduling preferences for the special case, where there are only two possible levels of capacity. Solving the model leads to several new insights, including that the marginal cost of adding a traveler is especially sensitive to the lowest level of capacity reached. We analyze an optimal toll, a coarse toll, and metering, showing substantial benefits from using these policies to eliminate the period of reduced capacity. Under hypercongestion, all of these policies can be designed so that travelers gain even without considering any toll revenues.
|
|
| 7. |
- Gautier, Pieter A., et al.
(författare)
-
Car ownership and the labor market of ethnic minorities
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Urban Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0094-1190 .- 1095-9068. ; 67:3, s. 392-403
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show how initial wealth differences between low-skilled minorities and white workers can generate differences in their labor-market outcomes. This even occurs in the absence of a taste for discrimination against ethnic minorities or exogenous differences in distance to jobs. Because of the initial wealth difference, minorities cannot afford to buy a car while whites can. Car ownership allows whites to reach more jobs per unit of time, which gives them a better bargaining position in the labor market. As a result, in equilibrium, ethnic minorities end up with both higher unemployment rates and lower wages than whites. Furthermore, we also show that it takes more time for minorities to reach their jobs even though they travel less miles when employed. Those predictions are consistent with the data. Better access to capital markets or better public transportation will reduce the differences in labor-market outcomes.
|
|
| 8. |
- Grönqvist, Hans, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Alcohol availability and arime : lessons from liberalized weekend sales restrictions
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Urban Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0094-1190 .- 1095-9068. ; 81, s. 77-84
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate a large-scale experimental scheme implemented in Sweden whereby the state in the year 2000 required all alcohol retail stores in selected areas to stay open on Saturdays. The purpose of the scheme was to evaluate possible social consequences of expanding access to alcohol during weekends. Using rich individual level data we show that this increase in alcohol availability raised both alcohol use and crime.
|
|
| 9. |
- Saez-Marti, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Cultural transmission and discrimination
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Urban Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0094-1190 .- 1095-9068. ; 72:2-3, s. 137-146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Workers can have good or bad work habits. These traits are transmitted from one generation to the next through a learning and imitation process, which depends on parents' investment in the trait and the social environment where children live. If a sufficiently high proportion of employers have taste-based prejudices against minority workers, we show that their prejudices are always self-fulfilled in steady state and minority workers end up having, on average, worse work habits than majority workers. This leads to a ghetto culture. Affirmative Action can improve the welfare of minorities whereas integration can be beneficial to minority workers but detrimental to workers from the majority group.
|
|
| 10. |
- Zenou, Yves
(författare)
-
Spatial versus social mismatch
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Urban Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0094-1190 .- 1095-9068. ; 74, s. 113-132
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to provide a new mechanism based on social interactions, explaining why distance to jobs can have a negative impact on workers' labor-market outcomes, especially ethnic minorities. Building on Granovetter's idea that weak ties are superior to strong ties for providing support in getting a job, we develop a model in which workers who live far away from jobs choose to have less connections to weak ties. Because of the lack of good public transportation in the US, it is costly (both in terms of time and money) to commute to business centers to meet other types of people who can provide other source of information about jobs. If distant minority workers mainly rely on their strong ties, who are more likely to be unemployed, there is then little chance for them of escaping unemployment. It is therefore the separation in both the social and physical space that prevents ethnic minorities from finding a job.
|
|
