| 1. |
- Allebeck, P
(författare)
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European Public Health Association
- 1998
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 8:2, s. 192-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Allebeck, P
(författare)
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European Public Health Association
- 1998
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 8:4, s. 340-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Allebeck, P
(författare)
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European Public Health Association
- 1998
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 8:1, s. 98-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Carlson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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The social pattern of heavy drinking in Russia during transition : Evidence from Taganrog 1993
- 1998
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 8:4, s. 280-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: we examined the pattern of Russian alcohol consumption, in particular its link with the social and economic situation in Russia after the first year of ‘shock therapy’ and super-inflation in a middle-sized Russian city, Taganrog. Methods: face-to-face Interviews were conducted, with a sampling frame consisting of dwellings selected from an official register and stratified by type and size. Results: In 1993–1994 heavy alcohol drinking (>0.5 I of 40% alcohol/week) was very common among men in Taganrog (34%), while it was uncommon among women (3%). Male heavy drinking was closely related to social, economic and family characteristics. The lowest educational groups and those In manual occupations reported heavy drinking more frequently than others, independently of household income. Among men, quarrels and conflicts in the family were associated with a sixfold higher frequency of heavy drinking compared to families reporting good relations. The social transformation taking place at present is being accompanied by increased social and economic pressures on families. Conclusions: we suggest that heavy alcohol consumption Is particularly common among men who are likely to have lost out during this transition. Russia's mortality crisis seems to be closely linked to its social transformation, but in different ways for men and women.
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| 7. |
- Eisemann, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes towards self-determination in health care : A general population survey in northern Sweden
- 1999
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 9:1, s. 41-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Today, patient self-determination has become an issue in many western countries due to the widespread availability and use of technology, which makes it possible to prolong life often in spite of severe disability and poor quality of life. Many people fear an overzealous use of modern life-saying procedures which merely serve to prolong the dying process. As a first step towards autonomy and increasing self-determination, advance directives (living wills) have been introduced in some countries. Methods: To survey a general population's attitudes towards advance directives and self-determination a questionnaire was mailed to a representative sample of 600 citizens in northern Sweden. Issues regarding importance of control, concerns about own health care, treatment preferences and support for and use of advance directives were addressed. Results: There was a response rate of 80% and the great majority of respondents reported that it was extremely or very important to have a say in decisions about their health care (79.5%). A significant number of subjects were concerned about either being treated too aggressively or not aggressively enough. There was a variability in treatment preferences, depending on the reversibility of the condition. Conclusions: The results demonstrate a vital interest among the Swedish general public for greater self-determination in health care, which is also reflected by their support of advance directives.
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| 8. |
- Ekblad, S
(författare)
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People-centred health promotion.
- 1999
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 9:1, s. 73-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Emmelin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Pol-ethical considerations in public health. : The views of Swedish health care politicians
- 1999
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 9:2, s. 124-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Public health policy is often concerned with the conflicting values emanating from the individually formulated ethics for curative care and more collectively oriented ethics. In this study we have focused on the pol-ethical considerations involved in Swedish health care politicians' assessment of public health measures. Methods: We described a hypothetical situation in a questionnaire, where a community has a 50% excess mortality for disease X, compared to the national average. Scientific disagreements were identified and discussed. The respondents gave their preference for a specific intervention strategy and considered, on a graded scale, 17 different value statements related to ethical principles and intervention strategies. Results: Only one out of 451 politicians preferred the alternative ‘no intervention’. The majority preferred an intervention including active involvement of primary health care. There was overall strong support for equity and beneficence. A factor analysis gave a model for the association between ethical values, political affiliation and choice of intervention strategies. The relative weights of autonomy and equity were strongly related to political affiliation. Conclusions: Among Swedish health care politicians there is consensus about the value of performing interventions in public health when the problem is large, even if there is some uncertainty about the consequences. Their overall strong support for equity and beneficence implies that these principles are crucial when formulating policies for interventions. Politicians need to state their ethical standpoint explicitly so that we as citizens can judge their decisions and actions based on our own political ideology and support for basic ethical principles.
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| 10. |
- Forsberg, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of respiratory and hyperreactivity symptoms in relation to levels of criteria air pollutants in Sweden
- 1997
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 7:3, s. 291-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our knowledge of the adverse health effects from exposure to low levels of air pollution is still insufficient. Early indicators, such as respiratory symptoms, need more attention. We made use of the fact that possible weak effects can be detected more easily when the relevant exposure and other determinants are well controlled. A postal questionnaire was sent to random samples of inhabitants registered as residing in the Vicinity of 55 centrally located air quality monitoring stations in Swedish towns. There were 6,109 questionnaires (76%) returned. Multivariate analyses with confounding control were used to examine the effects of different levels of criteria pollutants on the prevalence of symptoms. The ranges of the half year values were 9-32 and 2-16 mu g/m(3) for nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide respectively. Logistic regression analyses showed higher risks for respiratory problems such as coughs, throat irritation and nose irritation among the persons most exposed, The associations were most obvious for nitrogen dioxide exposure among women. The suggested effects of air pollution exposure cannot be medically evaluated today but they are nevertheless interesting since they are found within common levels usually considered to be safe.
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