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- Arvidsson-Lenner, R, et al.
(författare)
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Glycaemic index
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Food and Nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2976. ; 48:2, s. 84-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The glycaemic index (GI) concept is based on the difference in blood glucose response after ingestion of the same amount of carbohydrates from different foods, and possible implications of these differences for health, performance and well-being. GI is defined as the incremental blood glucose area (0-2 h) following ingestion of 50 g of available carbohydrates in the test product as a percentage of the corresponding area following an equivalent amount of carbohydrate from a reference product. A high GI is generally accompanied by a high insulin response. The glycaemic load (GL) is the GI×the amount (g) of carbohydrate in the food/100. Many factors affect the GI of foods, and GI values in published tables are indicative only, and cannot be applied directly to individual foods. Properly determined GI values for individual foods have been used successfully to predict the glycaemic response of a meal, while table values have not. An internationally recognised method for GI determination is available, and work is in progress to improve inter- and intra-laboratory performance. Some epidemiological studies and intervention studies indicate that low GI diets may favourably influence the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes and coronary heart disease, although further well-controlled studies are needed for more definite conclusions. Low GI diets have been demonstrated to improve the blood glucose control, LDL-cholesterol and a risk factor for thrombosis in intervention studies with diabetes patients, but the effect in free-living conditions remains to be shown. The impact of GI in weight reduction and maintenance as well as exercise performance also needs further investigation. The GI concept should be applied only to foods providing at least 15 g and preferably 20 g of available carbohydrates per normal serving, and comparisons should be kept within the same food group. For healthy people, the significance of GI is still unclear and general labelling is therefore not recommended. If introduced, labelling should be product-specific and considered on a case-by-case basis.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Astrup, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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In memory of Brittmarie Sandström, 1945-2002
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Næringsforskning. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; 47:1, s. 3-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Elwing, B, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study of food intake between Lithuanian and Swedish middle-aged men : The LiVicordia study
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Næringsforskning. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; 45:3, s. 126-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Background: In 1994, the mortality in coronary heart disease was four times higher among Lithuanian middle-aged men than among Swedish men. Over the period 1993-1995, the LiVicordia study investigated possible causes for this difference. We have earlier reported lower serum levels of cholesterol and higher susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for oxidation among Lithuanian men. Objective: In this part of the study, the aim was to compare mean estimates of food intake. Design: Cross-sectional study of random samples of 50-year-old men from each of the cities of Link÷ping, Sweden and Vilnius, Lithuania (n=150). The volunteers were interviewed about their food intake with the 24-hour recall method. Results: We found no differences in total energy intake, but Vilnius men had a higher energy intake from fat. Vilnius men consumed more fat from meat and less vegetable fat, while fat intake from dairy products was almost the same. Also, Vilnius men had a higher intake of vegetables, while Link÷ping men had a higher intake of fruit and berries. Conclusion: The observed differences in food consumption and dietary composition are partly consistent with the higher CHD mortality among Lithuanian men. However, data on biomarkers indicate that other dietary and lifestyle factors play a role.
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| 6. |
- Grehn, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary habits of Swedish adult coeliac patients treated by a gluten-free diet for 10 years
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Næringsforskning. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; 45:4, s. 178-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Uncertainty still exists whether coeliac patients living on a gluten-free diet for several years are ensured a nutritionally balanced diet. Objective: To evaluate the dietary habits of adults with longstanding coeliac disease Design: The intake of nutrients and foods was assessed in 49 Swedish coeliac patients (32 women) aged 45-64 years treated for 8-12 years using 4-day dietary record. Compliance with the diet was ascertained by showing a villous intestinal structure at repeat biopsy or normal serological tests. The control group (n:498) consisted of a general population sample of same age. Results: The coeliac patients showing the same energy intake as controls had a lower intake of fibre, niacin equivalents, folate, vitamin B12, calcium, phosphorus and zinc. In relation to recommended intakes, low levels of fibres, folate, vitamin E and selenium were seen in both coeliacs and controls. Significant differences between coeliac patients and controls were seen for half of the food groups under study and this was particularly true for women. Conclusions: The results suggest that Swedish coeliac patients living on a gluten-free diet for several years need to improve their dietary habits. To this end, regularly visiting a dietitian could be helpful to introduce oat-based options and increase the intake of fresh fruits and greens.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Isaksson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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In memory of Arvid Wretlind 1919-2002
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Næringsforskning. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; 46:3, s. 117-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Jeppsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial translocation: Impact of probiotics
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; 48:1, s. 37-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a considerable amount of data in humans showing that patients who cannot take in nutrients enterally have more organ failure in the intensive care unit, a less favourable prognosis, and a higher frequency of septicaemia, in particular involving bacterial species from the intestinal tract. However, there is little evidence that this is connected with translocation of bacterial species in humans. Animal data more uniformly imply the existence of such a connection. The main focus of this review is to describe different ways to alter the luminal milieu to decrease bacterial translocation. It is possible to reduce absorption of endotoxin by administration of bile salts in obstructive jaundice. Increasing the oral intake of glutamine will reduce bacterial translocation in rats with radiation-induced gut injury. The bacterial microflora plays a very important role in maintaining the normal intestinal ecological environment and supplying preferred fuels to the intestinal wall, consequently supporting the intestinal barrier. Disruption of the balance of intestinal bacterial microflora may increase the incidence of bacterial translocation by modifying intestinal barrier function. Bacterial species such as enteric Gram-negatives and Gram-positive cocci are more prone to translocation, whereas lactobacilli seem to have a protective effect. Administration of live lactobacilli either orally or by enema will reduce translocation. The mechanisms underlying the decreased translocation are not obvious. One effect may be mediated via an action on the intestinal wall and its permeability. Recently, the results of three randomized studies on the use of L. plantarum in patients with pancreatitis, undergoing liver transplantation or upper gastrointestinal surgery have been published, which all indicate a potential role for lactobacilli in translocation. In conclusion, by altering the luminal content of bacteria it seems possible to reduce the incidence of secondary infections. The influence of the luminal milieu on bacterial translocation is not fully understood. There is convincing evidence from experimental studies, but only circumstantial evidence from clinical studies.
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