| 1. |
- Arvidsson-Lenner, R, et al.
(författare)
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Glycaemic index
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Food and Nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2976. ; 48:2, s. 84-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The glycaemic index (GI) concept is based on the difference in blood glucose response after ingestion of the same amount of carbohydrates from different foods, and possible implications of these differences for health, performance and well-being. GI is defined as the incremental blood glucose area (0-2 h) following ingestion of 50 g of available carbohydrates in the test product as a percentage of the corresponding area following an equivalent amount of carbohydrate from a reference product. A high GI is generally accompanied by a high insulin response. The glycaemic load (GL) is the GI×the amount (g) of carbohydrate in the food/100. Many factors affect the GI of foods, and GI values in published tables are indicative only, and cannot be applied directly to individual foods. Properly determined GI values for individual foods have been used successfully to predict the glycaemic response of a meal, while table values have not. An internationally recognised method for GI determination is available, and work is in progress to improve inter- and intra-laboratory performance. Some epidemiological studies and intervention studies indicate that low GI diets may favourably influence the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes and coronary heart disease, although further well-controlled studies are needed for more definite conclusions. Low GI diets have been demonstrated to improve the blood glucose control, LDL-cholesterol and a risk factor for thrombosis in intervention studies with diabetes patients, but the effect in free-living conditions remains to be shown. The impact of GI in weight reduction and maintenance as well as exercise performance also needs further investigation. The GI concept should be applied only to foods providing at least 15 g and preferably 20 g of available carbohydrates per normal serving, and comparisons should be kept within the same food group. For healthy people, the significance of GI is still unclear and general labelling is therefore not recommended. If introduced, labelling should be product-specific and considered on a case-by-case basis.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Astrup, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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In memory of Brittmarie Sandström, 1945-2002
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Næringsforskning. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; 47:1, s. 3-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Becker, Wulf, et al.
(författare)
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Precoded food records compared with weighed food records for measuring dietary habits in a population of Swedish adults
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Næringsforskning. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; 42:1, s. 145-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a cross-over design, 82 women and men recorded their food intake by a precoded 7-day record book (PR) including both standard portions in household measures and photographs, and a weighed 7-day record (WR), respectively. Single 24-h urine samples, for determination of nitrogen excretion, were collected for 39 subjects during the WR period. Comparing the PR to the WR method, the mean intake of some foods, as cheese, was higher, and bread and vegetables lower. For energy and nutrients, the fat energy percent (E%) was higher, and protein E%, dietary fibre, iron, thiamin, folate, carotene and α-tocopherol were all lower. Protein intake registered by the PR method was 20% lower compared to 24-h urine samples, and 11% lower for the WR method. The results indicate that some of the standard portion sizes, used by the PR method, contributed to the observed differences in food and nutrient intakes. The subjects found it easier and less time-consuming to record their food intake with the PR than with the WR method. The time spent on processing data was reduced by 50% when using the PR method. The results of the study will be used for improvements in the design of the PR for use in large-scale dietary surveys for monitoring dietary habits.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Brattby, LE, et al.
(författare)
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Validering av ungdomars kostintag
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Næringsforskning. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; 42:1, s. 29-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Dapi N., Léonie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents´ food habits and nutritional status in urban and rural areas in Cameroon, Africa
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Næringsforskning. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; 49:4, s. 151-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Food intake in Cameroon is based on three meals daily. The diet in rural areas is based on traditional staple foods, while that of the urban population incorporates more modern foods. The health and nutrition of adolescents is important as their eating behaviour and nutrition will affect their future health. Objective: To describe and compare food habits and nutritional status of adolescents in Cameroon. Design: A cross-sectional study using an unquantified food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric data, in urban and rural areas. Fifty-two adolescents, 12_/15 years old, were selected from schools. Results : Frequencies of consumption of meat, vegetables, cereals, milk products and junk food were significantly higher in urban than in rural adolescents (11.8 vs 4.5, 9.5 vs 3.9, 16.5 vs 11.9, 5.7 vs 0.8, 24.2 vs 8.7, respectively). The frequency of in-between meals was higher in urban than in rural adolescents (4.9 vs 0.9, respectively). Arm muscle area (AMA, mm2) and waist/hip ratio were significantly higher in rural than in urban adolescents (3554 vs 2802 and 0.82 vs 0.79, respectively). Body mass index (BMI, kg m_2) was higher in rural than urban adolescents, although not significant (20.6 vs 19.4, respectively). There was a positive significant correlation between BMI and AMA in urban and rural areas (r_/0.67 and r_/0. 72, respectively). Conclusions: Despite a lower frequency of food consumption, rural adolescents had higher AMA and waist/hip ratio than urban adolescents. Less junk food and more traditional food consumption, more manualactivities and walking in rural adolescents could explain these results.
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| 8. |
- Dapi Nzefa, Léonie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' Food Habits and Nutritional Status among in urban and Rural Areas in Cameroon, Africa
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Næringsforskning. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; 49:4, s. 151-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Food intake in Cameroon is based on three meals daily. The diet in rural areas is based on traditional staple foods, while that of the urban population incorporates more modern foods. The health and nutrition of adolescents is important as their eating behaviour and nutrition will affect their future health.Objective: To describe and compare food habits and nutritional status of adolescents in Cameroon.Design: A cross-Stional study using an unquantified food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric data, in urban and rural areas. Fifty-two adolescents, 12–15 years old, were selected from schools.Results: Frequencies of consumption of meat, vegetables, cereals, milk products and junk food were significantly higher in urban than in rural adolescents (11.8 vs 4.5, 9.5 vs 3.9, 16.5 vs 11.9, 5.7 vs 0.8, 24.2 vs 8.7, respectively). The frequency of in-between meals was higher in urban than in rural adolescents (4.9 vs 0.9, respectively). Arm muscle area (AMA, mm2) and waist/hip ratio were significantly higher in rural than in urban adolescents (3554 vs 2802 and 0.82 vs 0.79, respectively). Body mass index (BMI, kg m−2) was higher in rural than urban adolescents, although not significant (20.6 vs 19.4, respectively). There was a positive significant correlation between BMI and AMA in urban and rural areas (r=0.67 and r=0. 72, respectively).Conclusions: Despite a lower frequency of food consumption, rural adolescents had higher AMA and waist/hip ratio than urban adolescents. Less junk food and more traditional food consumption, more manual activities and walking in rural adolescents could explain these results.
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| 9. |
- Daryani, Achraf, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary fat intake, fat sources and fatty acid composition in serum among immigrant women from Iran and Turkey compared with women of Swedish ethnicity
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Næringsforskning. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; 49:3, s. 106-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundImmigrants in general seem to be more vulnerable than the host population to developing nutrition-related chronic conditions. This may in part be related to diverging dietary habits, including intake of different types and amounts of dietary fat.ObjectivesThe main aim of this study was to investigate the dietary fatty acid composition and the dietary fat sources among first generation immigrant women from Iran and Turkey compared with women of Swedish ethnicity. The second aim was to relate the reported dietary fatty acid composition to the fatty acid composition in serum cholesterol esters, and the fatty acid composition in serum to metabolic variables.DesignThe study was a cross-sectional health survey of randomly selected foreign-born women (n=107) and native Swedish women (n=50) living in Uppsala. This included 24 h dietary recall repeated four times and administered in the native language.Results and conclusionA lower proportion of satura ted fatty acids, a higher proportion of linoleic acid and a higher n-6/n-3 ratio were found in the immigrants’ diet than in the diet of the Swedish women. The difference in linoleic acid was also mirrored in serum. Vegetable dishes, together with edible fats, were the major contributors of polyunsaturated fatty acids among the immigrant women. While the fatty acid profile in serum among the immigrant women had both favourable and unfavourable implications, a higher prevalence of obesity and dyslipidaemia was observed in immigrant compared with Swedish-born women.
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| 10. |
- Ekblom, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Physical performance and body mass index in Swedish children and adolescents
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Næringsforskning. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; 49:4, s. 172-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Physical fitness and overweight are both important health-related parameters. Reference data from a population are important for comparisons with children with impairments, different diseases, in habilitation or rehabilitation after injuries. Objective: The aim of the survey was to obtain reference data on physical performance in Swedish children and adolescents aged 10, 13 and 16 years. In addition, height and body mass were assessed and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Design: In total, 2118 children and adolescents in 48 randomly selected schools in Sweden were invited and 1737 subjects participated. Testing procedures were similar to the Eurofit tests, but with some modifications. Results : Results show generally better performance in boys than in girls and increasing performance with age. BMI increased with age with only small differences between genders. Large variations were found within age and gender groups. Conclusions: The present studyprovides reference data on physical performance and body size in Swedish children and adolescents. The results from the present study may be used to compare performance and anthropometric data over time or between countries, to evaluate performance in different patient groups or to set goals for athletes.
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