| 1. |
- Andersson, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Inter-rater reliability of an oral assessment guide for elderly patients residing in a rehabilitation ward
- 2002
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Ingår i: Special Care in Dentistry. - : Wiley. - 0275-1879 .- 1754-4505. ; 22:5, s. 181-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to test the inter-rater reliability of a revised oral assessment guide (ROAG) for patients residing in a geriatric rehabilitation ward. A consecutive sample of 140 patients was recruited for the study. Oral assessments were performed for 133 newly admitted patients by one registered nurse (RN) during a period of six months. A dental hygienist (DH) carried out 103 oral assessments during the same half-year. For 66 patients, the RN and the DH performed independent assessments. There was an agreement between the RN and the DH in the majority of the independent assessments, except for tongue and teeth/dentures. The percentage agreement exceeded 80 percent. Inter-rater agreement measured by Cohen's Kappa coefficient ranged from moderate to very good and percentage agreement had a range of 58 to 91 percent. The agreement was highest in assessment of voice and swallowing (91%). Assessments of teeth and dentures seemed to be most difficult for the RN to evaluate. ROAG was found to be a clinically useful assessment tool. Additional education and training is needed to improve the reliability of the oral assessments and should include continuous support from a dental hygienist as well as a pictorial manual on how to use the ROAG.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Pia, et al.
(författare)
-
Inter-rater reliability of an oral assessment guide för elderly patients residing in a rehabilitation ward
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Special Care in Dentistry. - 0275-1879. ; 22:5, s. 181-186
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to test the inter-rater reliability of a revised oral assessment guide (ROAG) for patients residing in a geriatric rehabilitation ward. A consecutive sample of 140 patients was recruited for the study. Oral assessments were performed for 133 newly admitted patients by one registered nurse (RN) during a period of six months. A dental hygienist (DH) carried out 103 oral assessments during the same half-year. For 66 patients, the RN and the DH performed independent assessments. There was an agreement between the RN and the DH in the majority of the independent assessments, except for tongue and teeth/dentures. The percentage agreement exceeded 80 percent. Inter-rater agreement measured by Cohen's Kappa coefficient ranged from moderate to very good and percentage agreement had a range of 58 to 91 percent. The agreement was highest in assessment of voice and swallowing (91%). Assessments of teeth and dentures seemed to be most difficult for the RN to evaluate. ROAG was found to be a clinically useful assessment tool. Additional education and training is needed to improve the reliability of the oral assessments and should include continuous support from a dental hygienist as well as a pictorial manual on how to use the ROAG.
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| 3. |
- Gabre, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Experience and assessment of pain in individuals with cognitive impairments.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry. - 0275-1879. ; 22:5, s. 174-80
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors review the literature on pain experience and pain assessment in people with cognitive impairments, focusing on individuals with dementia and mental retardation. The impact of cognitive impairments on pain sensation is not well understood, although some observations have been published. For example, research suggests that pain experience can be influenced by neuropathological processes in the brain and memory impairments. Reporting of pain decreases as cognitive impairment increases. In addition, poor verbal skills lead to difficulties in communicating pain. Pain assessment depends primarily on one's ability to describe the dimensions of pain. Individuals with limited ability to report pain can use pain assessment methods that rely on simple cognitive tasks. For individuals who have no ability to report pain, an outside observer must describe the discomfort experienced by interpreting the patient's body language. The authors conclude that further research is needed to develop valid and reliable assessment methods for people with cognitive impairments.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Isaksson, Rita, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of an oral health education program for nursing personnel in special housing facilities for the elderly. Part II : Clinical aspects
- 2000
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Ingår i: Special Care in Dentistry. - Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0275-1879 .- 1754-4505. ; 20:3, s. 109-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, efforts are being made to create strategies for evaluating realistic dental treatment needs among the elderly, who are retaining more natural teeth. These strategies focus on the importance of maintaining adequate oral hygiene. Elderly in long-term-care facilities often depend on nursing personnel for carrying out daily oral hygiene procedures. Therefore, the nursing personnel’s knowledge about and attitudes toward oral health make oral health education for health care professionals an important concern. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical oral health outcome in residents after their caregivers had undergone a one-session, four-hour oral health education program. The study consisted of an intervention with a pre- and a post-test and was carried out in three municipalities in the southwestern part of Sweden. A newly developed oral health screening protocol was carried out for 170 subjects living in long-term-care facilities both before and 3-4 months after nursing personnel had attended an oral health education program. Following the Intervention, a statistically significant improvement was recorded for changes In oral mucosal color, a modified plaque index which measured oral hygiene status, and a mucosal index which recorded mucosal inflammation. This study indicated that a limited, one-session, four-hour oral health education, offered to caregivers within long-term-care facilities, had a positive impact on the oral health status of residents.
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| 6. |
- Paulsson, Gun, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of an oral health education program after three years
- 2003
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Ingår i: Special Care in Dentistry. - New York : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0275-1879 .- 1754-4505. ; 23:2, s. 63-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three years after providing an oral health education program (OHEP) to nursing personnel, the authors analyzed the effect of the program on knowledge of the importance of oral health and on perception among the nurses of the possibility to implement oral care in patient care. The study was based on a cross-sectional survey of all nursing personnel (N = 2,901) in five municipalities in the Southwestern Sweden, of whom 950 had attended four one-hour lessons during an OHEP in 1996. The response rate to the survey questionnaire was 67% (1,930 subjects). Statistical analysis was performed by means of descriptive and analytical statistics. The program was shown to have an independent effect on the dependent variables "knowledge of oral health" and "assessment of implementation possibilities," This study has given further evidence of the feasibility of an educational program to improve both knowledge and implementation of oral health care. through interviews with 17 nursing personnel, selected by strategic sampling. Analysis of the transcribed interviews showed that there were four strategies, related to staff education, hospital resources, and leadership motivation. The strategies were grounded in data and emerged from the interaction between the two main categories: 'the valuation of the importance of oral health' and 'the behavior towards oral health maintenance'. They were characterized as the routine, theoretical, practical, and flexible strategies, with the latter considered ideal. As increased knowledge is one important part in enhancing the nursing personnel's ability to perform oral hygiene procedures, there is a need for education among nursing personnel, primarily among those using a routine strategy.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Su, Bu-Mei, et al.
(författare)
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Sub-milliarcsecond radio structure of three quasars
- 2001
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Ingår i: Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : Elsevier. - 0275-1062 .- 1879-128X. ; 25:1, s. 23-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quasars, 0420-014, 0748+126 and 2251+158 (3C 454.3), have been observed at 1.3 cm with a global VLBI network. We have obtained the hybrid maps of the quasars at sub-milliarcsecond resolution. The brightness distribution is revealed in their nuclear regions. The observed data are fitted with a small number of Gaussian components. 2251+158 shows a core-jet structure, and its nuclear region is elongated in the direction PA= -130o. The jet is curved. Its observations at the epoch 1992.9 show it to be in the course of a large burst, accompanied by several smaller ones. The strongest component has a flux of ~ 4.11 Jy (67% of the total detected flux), mostly from an area of 0.16 x 0.01 mas. Doppler boosting is probably responsible for raising the brightness temperature up to 2.6 x 1012 K.
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