| 1. |
- Andreasson, Håkan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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A numerical investigation of the stability of steady states and critical phenomena for the spherically symmetric EinsteinVlasov system
- 2006
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Ingår i: Classical and Quantum Gravity. - : IOP Publishing. - 0264-9381 .- 1361-6382. ; 23, s. 3659-3677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stability features of steady states of the spherically symmetric EinsteinVlasov system are investigated numerically. We find support for the conjecture by Zel'dovich and Novikov that the binding energy maximum along a steady state sequence signals the onset of instability, a conjecture which we extend to and confirm for non-isotropic states. The sign of the binding energy of a solution turns out to be relevant for its time evolution in general. We relate the stability properties to the question of universality in critical collapse and find that for Vlasov matter universality does not seem to hold.
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| 2. |
- Andreasson, Håkan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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A numerical investigation of the steady states of the spherically symmetric Einstein-Vlasov-Maxwell system
- 2009
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Ingår i: Classical and Quantum Gravity. - : IOP Publishing. - 0264-9381 .- 1361-6382. ; 26:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We construct, by numerical means, static solutions of the spherically symmetric Einstein-Vlasov-Maxwell system and investigate various features of the solutions. This extends a previous investigation (Andreasson and Rein 2007 Class. Quantum Grav. 24 1809) of the chargeless case. We study the possible shapes of the energy density profile as a function of the area radius when the electric charge of an individual particle is varied as a parameter. We find profiles which are multi-peaked, where the peaks are separated either by vacuum or a thin atmosphere, and we find that for a sufficiently large charge parameter the solutions break down at a finite radius. Furthermore, we investigate the inequality root M <= root R/3 + root R/9 + Q(2)/3R, which is derived in Andreasson (2009 Commun. Math. Phys. 288 715) for general matter models, and we find that it is sharp for the Einstein-Vlasov-Maxwell system. Here M is the ADM mass, Q is the charge and R is the area radius of the boundary of the static object. We find two classes of solutions with this property, while there is only one in the chargeless case. In particular we find numerical evidence for the existence of arbitrarily thin shell solutions to the Einstein-Vlasov-Maxwell system. Finally, we consider one-parameter families of steady states, and we find spirals in the mass-radius diagram for all examples of the microscopic equation of state which we consider.
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| 3. |
- Bao, Ling, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of higher curvature terms and U-duality
- 2007
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Ingår i: Classical and Quantum Gravity. - : IOP Publishing. - 0264-9381 .- 1361-6382. ; 25:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss various aspects of dimensional reduction of gravity with theEinstein-Hilbert action supplemented by a lowest order deformation formed asthe Riemann tensor raised to powers two, three or four. In the case of R^2 wegive an explicit expression, and discuss the possibility of extended cosetsymmetries, especially SL(n+1,Z) for reduction on an n-torus to threedimensions. Then we start an investigation of the dimensional reduction of R^3and R^4 by calculating some terms relevant for the coset formulation, aiming inparticular towards E_8(8)/(Spin(16)/Z_2) in three dimensions and aninvestigation of the derivative structure. We emphasise some issues concerningthe need for the introduction of non-scalar automorphic forms in order torealise certain expected enhanced symmetries.
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| 4. |
- Gran, Ulf, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Invariant Killing spinors in 11D and type II supergravities
- 2009
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Ingår i: Classical and Quantum Gravity. - : IOP Publishing. - 0264-9381 .- 1361-6382. ; 26:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present all isotropy groups and associated $\Sigma$ groups, up to discrete identifications of the component connected to the identity, of spinors of eleven-dimensional and type II supergravities. The $\Sigma$ groups are products of a Spin group and an R-symmetry group of a suitable lower dimensional supergravity theory. Using the case of SU(4)-invariant spinors as a paradigm, we demonstrate that the $\Sigma$ groups, and so the R-symmetry groups of lower-dimensional supergravity theories arising from compactifications, have disconnected components. These lead to discrete symmetry groups reminiscent of R-parity. We examine the role of disconnected components of the $\Sigma$ groups in the choice of Killing spinor representatives and in the context of compactifications.
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| 5. |
- Jonsson, Rickard, 1973
(författare)
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A covariant formalism of spin precession with respect to a reference congruence
- 2006
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Ingår i: Classical and Quantum Gravity. - : IOP Publishing. - 0264-9381 .- 1361-6382. ; 23:1, s. 37-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We derive an effectively three-dimensional relativistic spin precession formalism. The formalism is applicable to any spacetime where an arbitrary timelike reference congruence of worldlines is specified. We employ what we call a stopped spin vector which is the spin vectorthat we would get if we momentarily make a pure boost of the spin vector to stop it relative to the congruence. Starting from the Fermi transport equation for the standard spin vector we derive a corresponding transport equation for the stopped spin vector. Employing a spacetime transport equation for a vector along a worldline, corresponding to spatial parallel transport with respect to the congruence, we can write down a precession formula for a gyroscope relative to the local spatial geometry defined by the congruence. This general approach has already been pursued by Jantzen et al (see e.g. Jantzen R T, Carini P and Bini D 1992 Ann. Phys. 215 1-50), but the algebraic form of our respective expressions differs. We are also applying the formalism to a novel type of spatial parallel transport introduced in Jonsson (2006 Class. Quantum Grav. 23 1), as well as verifying the validity of the intuitive approach of aforthcoming paper (Jonsson 2006 forthcoming) where gyroscope precession is explained entirely as a double Thomas type of effect. We also present the resulting formalism in explicit three-dimensional form (using the boldface vector notation), and give examples of applications.
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| 6. |
- Jonsson, Rickard, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Generalizing optical geometry
- 2006
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Ingår i: Classical and Quantum Gravity. - : IOP Publishing. - 0264-9381 .- 1361-6382. ; 23:1, s. 61-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show that by employing the standard projected curvature as a measure of spatial curvature, we can make a certain generalization of optical geometry (Abramowicz M A and Lasota J-P 1997 Class. Quantum Grav. A 14 23-30). This generalization applies to any spacetime that admits a hypersurface orthogonal shearfree congruence of worldlines. This is a somewhat larger class of spacetimes than the conformally static spacetimes assumed in standard optical geometry. In the generalized optical geometry, which in the generic case is time dependent, photons move with unit speed along spatial geodesics and the sideways force experienced by a particle following a spatially straight line is independent of the velocity. Also gyroscopes moving along spatial geodesics do not precess (relative to the forward direction). Gyroscopes that follow a curved spatial trajectory precess according to a very simple law of three-rotation. We also present an inertial force formalism in coordinate representation for this generalization. Furthermore, we show that by employing a new sense of spatial curvature (Jonsson R 2006 Class. Quantum Grav. 23 1)) closely connected to Fermat's principle, we can make a more extensive generalization of optical geometry that applies to arbitrary spacetimes. In general this optical geometry will be time dependent, but still geodesic photons move with unit speed and follow lines that are spatially straight in the new sense. Also, the sideways experienced (comoving) force on a test particle following a line that is straight in the new sense will be independent of the velocity.
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| 7. |
- Jonsson, Rickard, 1973
(författare)
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Inertial forces and the foundations of optical geometry
- 2006
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Ingår i: Classical and Quantum Gravity. - : IOP Publishing. - 0264-9381 .- 1361-6382. ; 23:1, s. 1-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assuming a general timelike congruence of worldlines as a reference frame, we derive a covariant general formalism of inertial forces in general relativity. Inspired by the works of Abramowicz et al (see e.g. Abramowicz and Lasota 1997 Class. Quantum Grav. 14 A23-30), we also study conformal rescalings of spacetime and investigate how these affect the inertial force formalism. While many ways of describing spatial curvature of a trajectory have been discussed in papers prior to this, one particular prescription (which differs from the standard projected curvature when the reference congruence is shearing), appears novel. For the particular case of a hypersurface-forming congruence, using a suitable rescaling of spacetime, we show that a geodesic photon always follows a line that is spatially straight with respect to the new curvature measure. This fact is intimately connected to Fermat's principle, and allows for a certain generalization of the optical geometry as will be further pursued in a companion paper (Jonsson and Westman 2006 Class. Quantum Grav. 23 61). For the particular case when the shear tensor vanishes, we present the inertial force equation in a three-dimensional form (using the bold-face vector notation), and note how similar it is to its Newtonian counterpart. From the spatial curvature measures that we introduce, we derive corresponding covariant differentiations of a vector defined along a spacetime trajectory. This allows us to connect the formalism of this paper to that of Jantzen and co-workers (see e.g. Bini et al 1997 Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 6 143-98).
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| 8. |
- Jonsson, Rickard, 1973
(författare)
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Optical geometry across the horizon
- 2006
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Ingår i: Classical and Quantum Gravity. - : IOP Publishing. - 0264-9381 .- 1361-6382. ; 23:1, s. 77-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a recent paper (Jonsson and Westman 2006 Class. Quantum Grav. 23 61), a generalization of optical geometry, assuming a non-shearing reference congruence, is discussed. Here we illustrate that this formalism can be applied to (a finite four-volume) of any spherically symmetric spacetime. In particular we apply the formalism, using a non-static reference congruence, to do optical geometry across the horizon of a static black hole. While the resulting geometry in principle is time dependent, we can choose the reference congruence in such a manner that an embedding of the geometry always looks the same. Relative to the embedded geometry the reference points are then moving. We discuss the motion of photons, inertial forces and gyroscope precession in this framework.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Bengt E W, 1952
(författare)
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Light-cone analysis of ungauged and topologically gauged BLG theories
- 2009
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Ingår i: Classical and Quantum Gravity. - : IOP Publishing. - 0264-9381 .- 1361-6382. ; 26:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider three-dimensional maximally superconformal Bagger-Lambert-Gustavsson (BLG) theory and its topologically gauged version (constructed recently in Gran and Nilsson (2009 J. High Energy Phys. JHEP03(2009) 074 (arXiv:0809.4478 [hep-th]))) in the light-cone gauge. After eliminating the entire Chern-Simons gauge field, the ungauged BLG light-cone theory looks more conventional and, apart from the order of the interaction terms, resembles N = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions. The light-cone superspace version of the BLG theory is given at the quadratic order together with a suggested form for the quartic terms. Some problems with constructing the sixth-order interaction terms are also discussed. In the topologically gauged case, we analyze the field equations related to the three Chern-Simons-type terms of N = 8 conformal supergravity and discuss some of the special features of this theory and its couplings to BLG.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Bengt E W, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Superconformal M2-branes and generalized Jordan triple systems
- 2009
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Ingår i: Classical and Quantum Gravity. - : IOP Publishing. - 0264-9381 .- 1361-6382. ; 26:7, s. Article Number: 075007 -
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three-dimensional conformal theories with six supersymmetries and SU(4) R-symmetry describing stacks of M2-branes are here proposed to be related to generalized Jordan triple systems. Writing the four-index structure constants in an appropriate form, the Chern-Simons part of the action immediately suggests a connection to such triple systems. In contrast to the previously considered 3-algebras, the additional structure of a generalized Jordan triple system is associated with a graded Lie algebra, which corresponds to an extension of the gauge group. In this paper we show that the whole theory with six manifest supersymmetries can be naturally expressed in terms of such a graded Lie algebra. Also the Bagger, Lambert and Gustavsson theory with eight supersymmetries is included as a special case.
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