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| 2. |
- Aito, S, et al.
(författare)
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Spinal cord injuries due to diving accidents
- 2005
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Ingår i: Spinal cord. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1362-4393 .- 1476-5624. ; 43:2, s. 109-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Alexander, M S, et al.
(författare)
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International standards to document remaining autonomic function after spinal cord injury.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Spinal cord : the official journal of the International Medical Society of Paraplegia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1362-4393. ; 47:1, s. 36-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: Experts opinions consensus. OBJECTIVE: To develop a common strategy to document remaining autonomic neurologic function following spinal cord injury (SCI). BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: The impact of a specific SCI on a person's neurologic function is generally described through use of the International Standards for the Neurological Classification of SCI. These standards document the remaining motor and sensory function that a person may have; however, they do not provide information about the status of a person's autonomic function. METHODS: Based on this deficiency, the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) and the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS) commissioned a group of international experts to develop a common strategy to document the remaining autonomic neurologic function. RESULTS: Four subgroups were commissioned: bladder, bowel, sexual function and general autonomic function. On-line communication was followed by numerous face to face meetings. The information was then presented in a summary format at a course on Measurement in Spinal Cord Injury, held on June 24, 2006. Subsequent to this it was revised online by the committee members, posted on the websites of both ASIA and ISCoS for comment and re-revised through webcasts. Topics include an overview of autonomic anatomy, classification of cardiovascular, respiratory, sudomotor and thermoregulatory function, bladder, bowel and sexual function. CONCLUSION:This document describes a new system to document the impact of SCI on autonomic function. Based upon current knowledge of the neuroanatomy of autonomic function this paper provides a framework with which to communicate the effects of specific spinal cord injuries on cardiovascular, broncho-pulmonary, sudomotor, bladder, bowel and sexual function.
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| 4. |
- Augutis, M, et al.
(författare)
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Pediatric spinal cord injury in a subset of European countries.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Spinal Cord. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1362-4393 .- 1476-5624. ; 44:2, s. 106-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: Postal survey.SETTING: A total of 19 countries in Europe.OBJECTIVES: Firstly, to collect information about incidence and systems of care for pediatric spinal cord injury (pedSCI); including prevention, initial care and follow-up in a subset of European countries. Secondly, to initiate a network of involved professionals for exchange of information and development of research and care programs.METHODS: A short semi-structured questionnaire was sent to respondents working with spinal cord injury (SCI) in 19 countries in Europe.RESULTS: Only in Portugal and Sweden, is the incidence of pedSCI (fatal injuries included) established, that is 27 children/million children/year and 4.6 children/million children/year, respectively. For the other countries, the estimated incidence of pedSCI (nonfatal injuries) varied from 0.9 to 21.2 children/million children/year in the age group of 0-14 years. Although the incidence varies considerably, pedSCI is rare throughout Europe. The management differs between the countries depending on the age of the child and the local organization of health care.CONCLUSIONS: The survey confirms that pedSCI is rare. In order to establish high-quality standardized care, further integration of knowledge in this area is needed throughout Europe. The contacts initiated by this survey may be used to create an international network serving as a reference for health professionals, researchers and families, thereby possibly alleviating some of the unwanted variations of care identified in this study.
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| 5. |
- Bennegård, Gun-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Higher glucose uptake in paralysed spastic leg.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Spinal cord : the official journal of the International Medical Society of Paraplegia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1362-4393. ; 46:2, s. 103-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus have been reported in the spinal cord injured (SCI). The group exhibits risk factors, as decreased physical activity, as well as episodes of stimulation of sympathetic nervous system below the level of lesion known to stimulate lipolysis, which in turn could induce insulin resistance. However, data are inconsistent, which might indicate the presence of protective mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the glucose uptake in spastic paralysed SCI legs compared to able-bodied. To investigate regional differences between glucose handling in the arm and leg. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental controlled study. SETTINGS: Institution of Clinical Neuroscience and Physiology, Spinal Injures Unit, Sahlgrens University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden. METHODS: Nine SCI subjects (2 C7, 7 T1-T4 ASIA A: 8, ASIA B: 1) were compared to 10 weight- and age-matched controls. Plasma flow in arm and leg was analysed by venous occlusion strain gauge plethysmography, and plasma derived from artery and veins in the arm and leg was analysed for glucose, insulin and lactate during fasting resting conditions. RESULTS: Glucose uptake was higher in SCI legs compared to controls. There was no difference in insulin uptake or lactate production. Plasma flow was higher in SCI legs compared to controls. Controls showed a higher glucose uptake and lactate production in arm than leg. CONCLUSIONS: Spasticity may counteract the risk of diabetes by inducing an insulin-independent glucose uptake. The regional difference in metabolism in able-bodied make it hazardous to do generalizations to whole body metabolism from arm or leg measurements.
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| 6. |
- Bodin, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of abdominal binding on breathing patterns during breathing exercises in persons with tetraplegia
- 2005
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Ingår i: Spinal Cord. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1362-4393 .- 1476-5624. ; 43, s. 117-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study design: Cross-sectional, experimental. Objectives: To investigate and compare static lung volumes and breathing patterns in persons with a cervical spinal cord lesion during breathing at rest, ordinary deep breathing, positive expiratory pressure (PEP) and inspiratory resistance-positive expiratory pressure (IR-PEP) with and without an abdominal binder (AB). Setting: The outpatient clinic at the Spinal Unit at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Method: The study group consisted of 20 persons with complete cervical cord lesion at C5–C8 level. Breathing patterns and static lung volumes with and without an AB were measured using a body plethysmograph. Results: With an AB, static lung volumes decreased, vital capacity increased, breathing patterns changed only marginally and functional residual capacity remained unchanged during PEP and IR-PEP. Conclusion: Evidence supporting the general use of an AB to prevent respiratory complications by means of respiratory training is questionable. However, the interindividual variation in our results indicates that we cannot rule out that some patients may benefit from the treatment. Sponsorship: This work was supported by grants from the Memorial Foundation of the Swedish Association of registered Physiotherapists and the Association of Cancer and Road Accident Victims, Sweden.
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| 8. |
- Dahlgren, A, et al.
(författare)
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Activity performance and upper extremity function in cervical spinal cord injury patients according to the Klein-Bell ADL Scale.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Spinal cord : the official journal of the International Medical Society of Paraplegia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1362-4393. ; 45:7, s. 475-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVES: (1) To examine whether the Klein-Bell ADL Scale (K-B Scale) discriminates cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) patients in daily activities and to explore its applicability in this group of patients. (2) To examine the association between basic ADL and upper extremity function. (3) To investigate if grip ability can be discerned in the scale. SETTING: Spinal Cord Injury Unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. METHODS: Fifty-five patients with cervical SCI with no prior reconstructive hand surgery were included in the study. Analyses of the patient's independence were made according to the K-B Scale. Three additional analyses were carried out, the first examined whether the use of assistive devices and house and car adaptations influenced independence. The last two used different approaches to investigate whether arm and grip function could be detected in the K-B scale. RESULTS: Raw score in the K-B Scale can discriminate for independence in daily activities but the scale's weight scheme does not function for cervical SCI patients. Assistive devices and car and house adaptations can compensate for dependence in daily activities. Lack of grip function decreases the patient's ability to become independent. Diagnosis-related activities cannot be assessed in all items. CONCLUSION: The K-B Scale's raw score was useful assessing daily activities in cervical SCI patients. Its reliability in conjunction with arm and grip function in patients with cervical SCI has yet to be proven.
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| 9. |
- Divanoglou, A, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury in Thessaloniki, Greece and Stockholm, Sweden : a prospective population-based study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Spinal Cord. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1362-4393 .- 1476-5624. ; 47:11, s. 796-801
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: Prospective population-based open-ended study. This paper is part of the Stockholm-Thessaloniki Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Study.OBJECTIVES: To calculate incidence and evaluate the epidemiological profile of the incident population with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI).SETTINGS: The greater Thessaloniki region in Greece and the greater Stockholm region in Sweden.METHODS: TSCI individuals, older than 15 years of age, who had survived the first 7 days post-trauma, were identified through an active surveillance system. The forms of the Nordic Spinal Cord Injury Registry were used.RESULTS: 87 individuals were injured in the greater Thessaloniki and 49 in the greater Stockholm region. Annual crude incidence was 33.6 per million for Thessaloniki and 19.5 per million for the Stockholm region. The leading causes of injury for the Thessaloniki region were transportation accidents (51%) and falls (37%), and those for the Stockholm region were falls (47%) and transportation accidents (23%). A significantly larger number of individuals of the Thessaloniki group were injured in transportation accidents. There was no significant difference between regions with regard to the type of resulting impairment.CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of TSCI was considerably higher in the Thessaloniki region as compared with that in the Stockholm region, probably chiefly reflecting differences in preventative measures with regard to driving.
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| 10. |
- Forslund, E B, et al.
(författare)
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Transfer from table to wheelchair in men and women with spinal cord injury : coordination of body movement and arm forces
- 2007
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Ingår i: Spinal Cord. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1362-4393 .- 1476-5624. ; 45:1, s. 41-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: A complex set-up was used to investigate kinematics and ground reaction forces.SETTING: Motor Control and Physical Therapy Research Laboratory, Neurotec Department, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.OBJECTIVE: To investigate how men and women with spinal cord injury (SCI) perform transfers from table to wheelchair with regard to timing and magnitude of force generation beneath the hands and associated body movements.METHODS: A total of 13 subjects (seven men, six women) with thoracic SCI. Kinematics of body movement were recorded (Elite 2000 system) simultaneously with the signals from three force plates (AMTI) placed beneath the buttocks and hands. Temporal and spatial parameters regarding head, trunk and trailing arm displacement, loading amplitudes and loading torque directions of both hands were analyzed for each trial and subject and compared between genders.RESULTS: Men and women used similar amplitudes of head bending and forward displacement of the trailing shoulder, while female subjects had significantly larger trunk rotation. Both genders applied significantly more weight on the trailing hand. Differences between genders were seen in direction and timing of peak torque beneath the hands.CONCLUSIONS: The forces beneath the trailing hand were larger than those in the leading, if there is weakness or pain in one arm, this arm should be selected as the leading. To avoid excessive load on the arms, technical aids and environmental factors should be very well adapted.SPONSORSHIP: This project was funded by the Swedish Research Council and the Health Care Science Committee of Karolinska Institutet.
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