| 1. |
- Bogh, Morten, et al.
(författare)
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Narrowband ultraviolet B three times per week is more effective in treating vitamin D deficiency than 1600 IU oral vitamin D-3 per day: a randomized clinical trial
- 2012
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 167:3, s. 625-630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background It is known that narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) radiation and oral vitamin D-3 supplementation can both improve serum levels of vitamin D, expressed as 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 [25(OH)D-3]. However, surprisingly few studies have compared the effects of the two interventions in treating vitamin D deficiency. Objectives To compare the effect of NB-UVB exposure with oral vitamin D-3 supplementation on vitamin D levels in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Methods Seventy-three participants with vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D-3 <= 25 nmol L-1] were consecutively enrolled from February 2010 to May 2011, avoiding the summer period (June to September). The participants were randomized into two groups, one receiving full body NB-UVB exposure three times per week, the other receiving 1600 IU (40 mu g) oral vitamin D-3 per day together with 1000 mg calcium. Thirty-two participants completed the 6-week study period, 16 in each group. In both groups blood samples were obtained at baseline and after 3 and 6 weeks. Results We found a significantly greater increase in 25(OH)D-3 levels (mean) in the NB-UVB treated group (from 19.2 to 75 nmol L-1) compared with the oral vitamin D-3 treated group (from 23.3 to 60.6 nmol L-1) after 6 weeks of treatment (P = 0.02), accompanied by a significant decrease in parathyroid hormone for the whole group (from 5.3 to 4.2 pmol L-1, P = 0.028). Conclusions Full body NB-UVB three times per week is more effective in treating vitamin D deficiency than prescription of a daily oral intake of 1600 IU (40 mu g) vitamin D-3.
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| 2. |
- Brandt, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of incident and fatal melanoma in individuals with a family history of incident or fatal melanoma or any cancer.
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 165, s. 342-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A family history of melanoma is associated with an increased risk of melanoma and probably of other, discordant cancers. Limited data are available on familial mortality in melanoma. If fatal forms of melanoma were associated with fatal forms of melanoma or of some other cancers, only studies on familial mortality rather than on familial incidence might be able to detect them. Furthermore, estimates on familial aggregation based on mortality are free from bias of overdiagnosis. Objectives: The aim of this study was the estimation of familial aggregation of concordant melanoma and of melanoma and any other cancers both based on incidence and mortality. Methods: We used the nation-wide Swedish Family-Cancer Database to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for incident melanoma for relatives of any cancer patients and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for death in melanoma for relatives of individuals who died from any other cancer. Similar risks were determined for any common cancer when relatives were affected by melanoma. Results: For concordant melanoma, familial incidence equalled familial mortality, SIR=SMR. Familial clustering (SIRs increased) of melanoma and esophageal, colorectal, breast, prostate, kidney, nervous system and connective tissue cancers and myeloma and leukaemia was observed. The SMRs for pancreatic and nervous system cancers were increased in relatives whose parents had died from melanoma. Conclusions: These data should encourage search for fatal subtypes of familial cancer, which may eventually have clinical implications.
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Scoring of hand eczema: good agreement between patients and dermatological staff
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 165:1, s. 123-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Assessment of hand eczema in a clinical study has been achieved using a scoring system which documents extent of eczema on different areas of the hand. Objectives To investigate whether the same scoring system could be used by patients to communicate current status of hand eczema. Methods In a study of 62 patients (36 women and 26 men, age range 1975 years), the patients own assessment was compared with the assessment by a dermatologist and a dermatological nurse. Standardized information was given to the patient and the form was filled in independently by the patient, the nurse and the dermatologist, during the patients visit to the clinic. Individual area scores were summed to a total score. Results The overall agreement was good, with an interclass correlation (ICC) of 0.61 between patient and dermatologist for the total score. The ICC between nurse and dermatologist was 0.78. Differences between observers were more pronounced for the more severe cases - those with higher numerical scores as assessed by the dermatologist. There was a tendency for women and for patients over the median age of 44 years to set a lower point score than the dermatologist. The concordance of observations from individual anatomical areas was higher for fingertips and nails and lower for the palm and dorsum of the hand. Conclusions Patients are able to report the extent of hand eczema with good accuracy. Self-assessment protocols for hand eczema may well have a place in the monitoring of hand eczema extent over time.
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| 4. |
- Dubnika Hauksson, Inese, et al.
(författare)
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Clinically relevant contact allergy to formaldehyde may be missed by testing with formaldehyde 1.0%.
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 164:3, s. 568-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It has been found that patch testing with 15μl formaldehyde 2.0% aq detects twice more allergies than testing with 1.0%. The clinical relevance of positive patch test reactions is often difficult to determine. Use tests are simple to do and help to evaluate the significance of patch test results. Objectives: To study the clinical relevance of contact allergy to formaldehyde detected by 2.0% (0.60 mg/cm²) but not by 1.0%. Patients/Methods: 18 patients positive to formaldehyde 2.0% but negative to 1.0% and a control group of 19 dermatitis patients without allergy to parabens, formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers were included in the study. Formaldehyde 2000 ppm, the maximum concentration permitted in leave-on cosmetics according to the EU Cosmetics Directive, was added to a batch of a moisturiser preserved with parabens. The same batch without formaldehyde served as control. The study was double-blinded and randomised. The patients were provided with both moisturisers and instructed to apply one of them twice a day on a marked-out 5×5 cm area on the inside of one upper arm and the other moisturiser on the other arm. Reading of the test sites was done once a week for a maximum of 4 weeks. Results: In the control group there were no allergic reactions to any of the moisturisers. 9 of the 17 formaldehyde-allergic patients reacted with an allergic reaction to the moisturiser which contained formaldehyde (p<0.001). No positive reactions were observed to the moisturiser without formaldehyde. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that contact allergy to formaldehyde 2.0% may be clinically relevant.
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| 5. |
- Goon, Anthony, et al.
(författare)
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Variation in allergen content over time of acrylates/methacrylates in patch test preparations
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 164:1, s. 116-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P>Background Acrylates/methacrylates are volatile substances. There might be a gradual decrease in acrylate/methacrylate allergen content over time in patch test preparations but this has not yet been documented. Objectives To determine the allergen content of acrylates/methacrylates in patch test preparations over time under different storage conditions. Methods Five acrylate/methacrylate allergens [2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), triethylene glycol diacrylate (TREGDA) and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate (2-HPA)] in syringes and IQ (TM) chambers (Chemotechnique Diagnostics, Vellinge, Sweden) were analysed using gel permeation chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography to measure the allergen content over time in samples stored in the freezer, refrigerator and under room temperature. Results The concentration of allergens in syringes decreased with time. Those stored at room temperature had the fastest rate of decrease, followed by those in the refrigerator and freezer. In most cases, in syringes or IQ (TM) chambers under all storage conditions, the MMA decreased most rapidly, followed by 2-HPA, 2-HEMA, EGDMA and TREGDA. The allergens in the IQ (TM) chambers rapidly disappeared, with almost all samples reaching nondetectable levels by day 8. MMA was the first to reach a nondetectable level - at day 2. Conclusions Acrylate/methacrylate allergens are lost rapidly from IQ (TM) chambers especially if stored at room temperature. Allergens in syringes remain above 80% of their initial concentrations for longer periods compared with IQ (TM) chambers. In syringes and IQ (TM) chambers there is a slower rate of decrease in concentration when the storage temperature is lower. Allergens should be stored refrigerated, replaced regularly, and freshly applied on to test patches on the day of use.
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| 6. |
- Hamann, C R, et al.
(författare)
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Concentration variability of potent allergens of p-tert-Butylphenol-formaldehyde resin (PTBP-FR) in patch test preparations and commercially available PTBP-FR.
- 2012
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 166:4, s. 761-770
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: p-tert-Butylphenol-formaldehyde resin (PTBP-FR) is a common component of glues used in the manufacturing of many plastic, electronic, rubber, wood, and leather products. Two main allergens of PTBP-FR have been described. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the concentrations of the two main allergens of PTBP-FR in diagnostic patch testing preparations and PTBP-FR available to glue and adhesive manufacturers. Methods: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR) was used to confirm identity and determine the purity of reference materials. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyse patch test preparations and commercially-available PTBP-FR. Results: In the PTBP-FR in analysed patch test preparations the highest concentration of the allergenic dimer 4-tert-butyl-2-(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-benzyloxymethyl)-6-hydroxymethylphenol found was 1.79% and the lowest 0.21%. The highest concentration of the allergenic dimer 4-tert-butyl-2-(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-benzyloxymethyl)-6-hydroxymethylphenol found in PTBP-FR of analysed patch test preparations was 0.50% and the lowest concentration found was 0.04%. In commercially-available PTBP-FR the highest concentration of -tert-butyl-2-(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-benzyloxymethyl)-6-hydroxymethylphenol found was 3.7% and the highest concentration of 4-tert-butyl-2-(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-benzyloxymethyl)-6-hydroxymethylphenol found was 1.1%. In three PTBP-FR samples neither allergen could be detected. Conclusions: Our data suggests that reporting resin concentration in petrolatum is not predictive of a consistent concentration of the two main allergens of PTBP-FR. The ten-fold difference in allergen concentration between different patch test preparations has significant ramifications for maintaining consistent dose of delivered allergen. The results of this study reinforce the need for patch test product standardization in the Contact Dermatitis community.
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| 7. |
- Lammintausta, K., et al.
(författare)
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An epidemic of furniture-related dermatitis: searching for a cause
- 2010
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 162:1, s. 108-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P>Background Sitting in new chairs or sofas has elicited dermatitis in numerous patients in Finland and in the U.K. since autumn 2006. The cause of the dermatitis seemed to be an allergen in the furniture materials. Objectives To determine the cause of the dermatitis in patients with furniture-related dermatitis. Methods Altogether 42 patients with furniture-related dermatitis were studied. First, 14 Finnish patients were patch tested with the standardized series and with the chair textile material. A thin-layer chromatogram (TLC) strip and an extract made from the same textile material were tested in seven Finnish patients. The test positive spot of the TLC and the content of a sachet found inside a sofa in the U.K. were analysed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All chemicals analysed were patch tested in 37 patients. Results A positive patch test reaction to the chair textile and to its extract was seen in all patients tested, one-third of whom had concurrent reactions to acrylates. Positive reactions to the same spot of the TLC strip were seen in five of seven patients and dimethyl fumarate was analysed from the spot as well as from the sachet contents. Dimethyl fumarate (0 center dot 01%) elicited positive reactions in all the patients. The other chemicals analysed did not elicit positive reactions, but one patient in the U.K. had a positive reaction to tributyl phosphate. Conclusions Sensitization to dimethyl fumarate was seen in all the patients with furniture-related dermatitis. Concurrent sensitization or cross-reactions were common among the sensitized patients.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Mowitz, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Stability of fragrance patch test preparations applied in test chambers.
- 2012
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 167:4, s. 822-827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Petrolatum patch test preparations are for practical reasons often applied in test chambers in advance, several hours or even days before the patient is tested. As many fragrance compounds are volatile it may be suspected that petrolatum preparations applied in test chambers are not stable over time. Objectives: To investigate the stability of petrolatum preparations of the 7 chemically defined components in the fragrance mix (FM I) when stored in test chambers. Material and methods: Samples of petrolatum preparations applied in test chambers stored at room temperature and in a refrigerator between 4 and 144 h were analyzed using liquid chromatographic methods. Results: The concentration decreased by ≥20% within 8 h in 4 out of 7 preparations stored in Finn chambers at room temperature. When stored in a refrigerator only the preparation of cinnamal had decreased by ≥20% within 24 h. The stability of preparations of cinnamal stored in IQ chambers with a plastic cover was slightly better, but like the preparations applied in Finn chambers, the concentration decreased by ≥20% within 4 h at room temperature and within 24 h in a refrigerator. Cinnamal and cinnamyl alcohol were found to be more stable when analyzed as ingredients in FM I compared to when analyzed in individual preparations. Conclusions: Within a couple of hours several fragrance allergens evaporate from test chambers to an extent that may affect the outcome of the patch test. Application to the test chambers should be performed as close to the patch test occasion as possible and storage in a refrigerator is recommended.
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| 10. |
- Nagel, Gabriele, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic risk factors and skin cancer in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me-Can)
- 2012
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 167:1, s. 59-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Little is known about the associations of metabolic aberrations with malignant melanoma (MM) and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Objectives To assess the associations between metabolic factors (both individually and combined) and the risk of skin cancer in the large prospective Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me-Can). Methods During a mean follow-up of 12 years of the Me-Can cohort, 1728 (41% women) incident MM, 230 (23% women) fatal MM and 1145 (33% women) NMSC were identified. Most NMSC cases (76%) were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (873, 33% women). Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression for quintiles and standardized z-scores (with a mean of 0 and SD of 1) of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and for a combined metabolic syndrome score. Risk estimates were corrected for random error in the measurements. Results Blood pressure per unit increase of z-score was associated with an increased risk of incident MM cases in men and women [HR 1·17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·04-1·31 and HR 1·18, 95% CI 1·03-1·36, respectively] and fatal MM cases among women (HR 2·39, 95% CI 1·58-3·64). In men, all quintiles for BMI above the reference were associated with a higher risk of incident MM. In women, SCC NMSC risk increased across quintiles for glucose levels (P-trend 0·02) and there was a trend with triglyceride concentration (P-trend 0·09). Conclusion These findings suggest that mechanisms linked to blood pressure may be involved in the pathogenesis of MM. SCC NMSC in women could be related to glucose and lipid metabolism.
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