| 1. |
- Allen, T., et al.
(författare)
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Winter sports special issue
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sports Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1369-7072 .- 1460-2687. ; 20:4, s. 243-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Dubus, Gaël, et al.
(författare)
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Exploration and evaluation of a system for interactive sonification of elite rowing
- 2015
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Ingår i: Sports Engineering. - : Springer London. - 1369-7072 .- 1460-2687. ; 18:1, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, many solutions based on interactive sonification have been introduced for enhancing sport training. Few of them have been assessed in terms of efficiency or design. In a previous study, we performed a quantitative evaluation of four models for the sonification of elite rowing in a non-interactive context. For the present article, we conducted on-water experiments to investigate the effects of some of these models on two kinematic quantities: stroke rate value and fluctuations in boat velocity. To this end, elite rowers interacted with discrete and continuous auditory displays in two experiments. A method for computing an average rowing cycle is introduced, together with a measure of velocity fluctuations. Participants answered to questionnaires and interviews to assess the degree of acceptance of the different models and to reveal common trends and individual preferences. No significant effect of sonification could be determined in either of the two experiments. The measure of velocity fluctuations was found to depend linearly on stroke rate. Participants provided feedback about their aesthetic preferences and functional needs during interviews, allowing us to improve the models for future experiments to be conducted over longer periods.
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| 3. |
- Hofmann, K. B., et al.
(författare)
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The influence of sitting posture on mechanics and metabolic energy requirements during sit-skiing : a case report
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sports Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1369-7072 .- 1460-2687. ; 19:3, s. 213-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several different sitting postures are used in Paralympic cross-country sit-skiing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of sitting posture on physiological and mechanical variables during steady-state double-poling sit-skiing, as well as to determine how seat design can be improved for athletes without sufficient trunk control. Employing a novel, custom-designed seat, three trunk positions were tested while performing double-poling with submaximal oxygen consumption on an ergometer. Cycle kinematics, pole forces, and oxygen consumption were monitored. The athlete performed best, with longer cycle length and less pronounced metabolic responses, when kneeling with the trunk resting on a frontal support. For this case, a forward leaning trunk with knees below the hip joint was interpreted as most optimal, as it showed lower oxygen consumption and related parameters of performance during cross-country sit-skiing. Further investigations should examine whether such improvement is dependent on the level of the athlete’s handicap, as well as whether it is also seen on snow.
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| 4. |
- Koptyug, Andrey, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial for the special issue technology for disability sport
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sports Engineering. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 1369-7072 .- 1460-2687. ; 19:3, s. 139-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Major sporting events, including the Olympic Games, areroutinely ‘‘brought to our homes’’ by modern mass media.The Paralympic Games follow the Olympic Games, and areanother major competition event. With each summer andwinter Paralympic games, such as the 2012 London and the2014 Sochi Paralympic games, the elite sporting achievementsmay be new to many of us. The athletic skill andpersistent determination drive Paralympic sports. A commonthread with the Paralympic athlete is the reliance onsome form of technology to compete on the world stage.Engineering and technology have become an essentialpart of modern-day sports. This partnership is necessary forcoach and athlete as they prepare for, and participate incompetitions. From the audience perspective, sports technologycan provide a new perspective and insight into thecompetition and its highlights. The quality of equipment,garments and footwear, and their interaction with athlete’sbody become an integrated part of the winning strategy inmodern sports.For the athlete with a disability, engineering and technologyhas always been an essential partnership. Withoutthe assistive devices, the disabled athlete is not able toprepare and participate in sport. Equipment design fordisabled athletes is often more complex and customizedthan for many other applications.The fundamental principles for the use of equipment inParalympic Sport are safety, fairness, universality andphysical prowess. While the safety criterion is relativelystraightforward, fulfilling other three can be challenging forthe designers and classifiers. It is often impossible to showif the performance of an athlete with a particular assistivedevice is determined by the athlete rather than by ‘‘theimpact of technology and equipment’’. By working togetherwith all parties the sports engineering community canprovide affordable safe and reliable assistive devices,technologies for training and rehabilitation, and animproved basis for objective classification.Research papers in this issue deal with a wide variety ofsubjects and are multidisciplinary. Four papers in thisspecial issue are related to the athlete and equipmentinteraction, which is important in all sports but needsspecial care and precision when working with of paraathletes.The remaining five papers are related to issuesimportant for the training and classification.We hope that these contributions will improve theintegration between athlete and equipment, will provide abetter basis for proper classification of the equipment andassistive devices, and, according to the International ParalympicCommittee vision, will ‘‘enable para-athletes toachieve sporting excellence and inspire and excite theworld’’.
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| 5. |
- Sundström, David, 1986-
(författare)
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On a bioenergetic four compartment model for human exercise
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sports Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1369-7072 .- 1460-2687. ; 19:4, s. 251-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioenergetic models for exercise performance simulations and pacing strategy optimizations currently lag behind empirical knowledge in human bioenergetics. Therefore, the objective of this study was the construction of a four compartment bioenergetic model that incorporates separate oxidative phosphorylation of lipids and carbohydrates and describes the regulation of these energy substrates’ utilization. Furthermore, the aim was also to model efficiency and the impact of muscle fatigue and the force-velocity relationship on the maximal attainable rate of energy expenditure. The model was formulated with five systems of differential equations that regulated the fluid levels in three of the compartments, while the lipid compartment energy was kept constant. Regulations had to be imposed on the system of compartments to achieve the desired carbohydrate dependent functionality and efficiency of the model. Equilibrium equations were modeled for the alactic compound composition and a constraint was modeled for the maximal energy expenditure rate, dependent on the intramuscular inorganic phosphate. A separate force-velocity relationship was modeled to constrain power output at low speeds and efficiency was modeled with a linear but off-set relationship between power output and rate of energy expenditure. The relative aerobic contribution to total energy expenditure showed good congruence with empirical results, while time to exhaustion was overestimated due to the constraint on maximal rate of energy expenditure. Therefore, further experimental studies are necessary for complete validation of the model.
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| 6. |
- Ørtenblad, Niels, et al.
(författare)
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Gross efficiency predicts a 6-min double-poling ergometer performance in recreational cross-country skiers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sports Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1369-7072 .- 1460-2687. ; 20:4, s. 329-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to investigate which physiological parameters would most accurately predict a 6-min, all-out, double-poling (DP) performance in recreational cross-country skiers. Twelve male recreational cross-country skiers performed tests consisting of three series lasting 10 s, one lasting 60 s, plus a 6-min, all-out, DP performance test to estimate mean and peak power output. On a separate day, gross mechanical efficiency (GE) was estimated from a 10-min, submaximal, DP test and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was estimated from an incremental treadmill running test. Power was measured after each stroke from the acceleration and deceleration of the flywheel that induced the friction on the ergometer. The power was shown to the skier on a small computer placed on the ergometer. A multivariable correlation analysis showed that GE most strongly predicted 6-min DP performance (r = 0.79) and interestingly, neither DP VO2 max, nor treadmill-running VO2 max, correlated with 6-min DP performance. In conclusion, GE correlated most strongly with 6-min DP performance and GE at the ski ergometer was estimated to be 6.4 ± 1.1%. It is suggested that recreational cross-country skiers focus on skiing technique to improve gross mechanical efficiency during intense DP.
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