| 1. |
- Falkmer, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Fixation patterns of learner drivers with and without cerebral palsy (CP) when driving in real traffic environments
- 2001
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 4:3, s. 171-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among learner drivers with cerebral palsy (CP), driver education is problematic for those failing to fulfil their education as well as for those becoming licensed drivers. A crucial ingredient in the development of driving is the quality of the visual search. Problems increase for CP learners in those parts of training where high demands are set on visual search abilities. The aim of the study was to increase knowledge about search patterns among learners with CP in comparison with learners and experienced drivers without CP. The study was carried out in traffic by measuring eye movements and the duration and distribution of fixation. The results show that search strategies among learners with CP were less flexible than in the control groups. The results suggest a need for better methods for teaching CP learners search strategies and may provide a tool for such development. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.
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| 2. |
- Garvill, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Factors influencing drivers' decision to install an electronic speed checker in the car
- 2003
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. - 1369-8478. ; 6:1, s. 37-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intelligent speed adaptation (ISA) refers to various concepts aiming at limiting the vehicle speed. In Umea, Sweden, a large scale field study was carried out to test the possibility to, on a voluntary basis, install one type of ISA device in private vehicles. In this study 10,300 car owners were contacted by telephone and offered to have an ISA device installed in their car. This paper reports on drivers' attitudes to four different ISA-applications and on factors influencing the decision to install the one type of ISA, an electronic speed checker (ESC). The results show that approximately 40% of the respondents accepted the offer to have an ESC installed in their vehicle. The analysis indicated that age, perceived risk, moral and perceived difficulty to keep the speed limits significantly influenced their evaluation of the ESC and that the perception of the ESC influenced the decision to participate.
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| 3. |
- Hakamies-Blomqvist, L., et al.
(författare)
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Driver ageing does not cause higher accident rates per km
- 2002
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 5:4, s. 271-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on Finnish survey data, older (65+, n=1559) and younger (26-40, n=310) drivers' accident rates were compared. In accordance with earlier studies, the rates were similar per driver (0.1) but there was a non-significant trend towards older drivers having more accidents per distance driven (10.8 vs. 8.3 per 1 million km). However, when the accidents-per-km comparison was made in groups matched for yearly exposure, there is no evidence for higher risk with increasing age. In both age groups, risk per km decreased with increasing yearly driving distance. We suggest that the previous perception of an age-related risk increase of accidents per distance driven arises from a failure to control for low mileage bias at all ages. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Hatakka, Mika, et al.
(författare)
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From control of the vehicle to personal self-control, broadening the perspectives to driver education
- 2002
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 5:3, s. 201-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective is to formulate guidelines and goals for future development in the area of driver training and education. The content of this paper is not empirical, but merely an analytical summary or review. A four-level descriptive model is presented in which driver behaviour is conceptualised as a hierarchy, in which the goals and motives of the driver play an essential role. The recent constructivist ideas in mainstream pedagogy and psychology of learning are combined with a hierarchical approach to driver behaviour. A comprehensive framework for goals and contents of driver education (GDE framework) is presented. Two main conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, the conceptual analysis points towards a need to emphasise the motivational aspects in driver education more than it is done at present. Secondly, in order to reach the goals, pedagogical methods should be re-evaluated. For example, active learning methods and use of self-reflection should be promoted in driver education.
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| 5. |
- Lundberg, C., et al.
(författare)
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Driving tests with older patients : Effect of unfamiliar versus familiar vehicle
- 2003
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 6:3, s. 163-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to study the effect, for older license holders, of taking a driving test with an unfamiliar vehicle, as compared to their own cars. The study population consisted of licensed patients 65-85 years referred to the Traffic Medicine Centre (TrMC), Huddinge University Hospital, for an evaluation of their medical and cognitive fitness to drive. In the clinical practice of TrMC, driving tests have been used since 1997, with inspectors from the Swedish National Road Administration (SNRA) acting as evaluators. Initially, patients were allowed to use their own cars. From the beginning of the year 2000, however, dual brakes were made mandatory and most evaluations were then made with SNRA cars. When comparing the outcomes of driving tests from the period prior to 2000 (n=96) and after 2000 (n=69), it was found that the number of drivers who failed the test increased by 16%. Also, those who passed the test after more than one trial decreased by 20%. The potential of the neuropsychological assessment to correctly classify drivers in outcome groups was considerably reduced in the period after 2000. These results support the view that, for older drivers with cognitive deterioration, the need to adapt to an unfamiliar vehicle represents a supplementary cognitive load that may compromise their driving ability and the validity of the assessment. A measure aimed only at increasing the safety of examiners and examinees thus had an unintended side-effect that is detrimental to older clinical populations. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Rimmo, P.-A., et al.
(författare)
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Older drivers' aberrant driving behaviour, impaired activity, and health as reasons for self-imposed driving limitations
- 2002
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 5:1, s. 345-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study used a mail survey addressed to Swedish drivers aged between 55 and 92 years (n = 939) to study the relationship between driving exposure, health, and four types of self-reported aberrant driving behaviour as measured with a Swedish version of the driver behaviour questionnaire. Age and gender were the most important predictors of the tendency to sometimes avoid driving. However, even after accounting for age and gender, reports of own erroneous driving behaviour because of inattention (e.g., failure to notice a signal) and inexperience errors (viz., handling the car), as well as impaired health, were related to self-imposed driving limitations, whereas the violations and mistakes factors were not. Problems with activities of daily living were only marginally associated with self-imposed driving limitations, mediated through inattention and inexperience errors. The results support the notion that older drivers adjust their driving in response to their health and to the problems they experience while driving. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Vogel, Katja
(författare)
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What characterizes a free vehicle in an urban area?
- 2002
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 5:1, s. 313-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept "free vehicle" is used widely in the transportation research literature, but as yet there is no common standard for a definition. In this article a standard is provided that is based on the assumption that a vehicle can be considered free, when its speed is not influenced by the speed of the vehicle traveling ahead. In order to determine empirically a threshold for free vehicles in urban areas, speed, distance headway, and time headway data of more than 100 000 vehicles were analyzed. Analyses showed that the speeds of two vehicles are linearly dependent on time headway for headways up to 6 s. It is important to distinguish between this value and the drivers' preferred headway, which is in the region of 2 s
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| 8. |
- Chen, Cynthia, et al.
(författare)
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Activity rescheduling: reasoned or habitual?
- 2004
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Ingår i: TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART F-TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478. ; 7:6, s. 351-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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