| 1. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(författare)
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Auditory and haptic systems for in-car speed management – A comparative real life study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Transportation Research. Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478. ; 11:6, s. 445-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Field experiments with ISA (intelligent speed adaptation) were carried out in Hungary and Spain in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Twenty private vehicles in each country were equipped with two kinds of systems: (1) support via an active accelerator pedal (AAP) and (2) warning via beep signals and a flashing red light when the speed limit was exceeded (BEEP). The test drivers drove for a month with both systems installed in each car. Speed was continually logged in all the vehicles and the test drivers were interviewed about their acceptance and experiences of the systems. The results show that both systems reduced the mean and 85 percentile speeds, but that the AAP was more effective. There was no long-lasting effect on speeds when the systems were removed. After the trial half of the drivers were willing to keep an ISA system, but more drivers wanted to keep the BEEP-system even though it showed lower satisfaction ratings than the AAP. The results indicate no major differences between the countries despite the workload being perceived to be higher in Hungary than in Spain.
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| 2. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(författare)
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Driver comprehension and acceptance of the active accelerator pedal after long-term use
- 2008
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Ingår i: Transportation Research. Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478. ; 11:1, s. 37-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driver comprehension and acceptance of the active accelerator pedal (AAP) after long-term use were evaluated in a large-scale Swedish trial held in 2000-2002. The system was installed in the cars of 281 test drivers who then used it for between six months and a year. The participants' responses, elicited by questionnaires in the end of the trial, showed a positive rating of the concept of the AAP, while the willingness to pay for it was lower than for other driver-assistance systems studied elsewhere. The typically skeptical driver was a young, male, company car driver with initially negative attitude and a faulty AAP. The typically enthusiastic driver was an older, female, private driver with initially positive attitude and a fault-free AAP. The drivers found that the system, if not satisfactory, was useful but added to the emotional pressure felt by the driver. However, they did think it had positive impacts on performance and safety. Still, the largest perceived effect was a decrease in the risk of being fined for speeding. The gap between the concept of the AAP and willingness to keep and pay for the system puts a clear focus on the importance to define acceptance and developing a tool to ensure reliable assessments of it.
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| 3. |
- Björklund, Gunilla, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Driver behaviour in intersections : Formal and informal traffic rules
- 2005
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - : Elsevier. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 8:3, s. 239-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drivers' behaviour in intersections is not only influenced by the rules of priority in the intersection but also by the design of the intersection as well as the behaviour of other road users. If behaviours that supplement or contradict formal traffic rules become common in a particular traffic intersection, it is an indication that an informal traffic rule has been used. In the present study a sample of 1276 Swedish drivers (aged 18-74 years) responded to questions about how often they would yield to another driver in 10 hypothetical crossing situations. In all crossing situations the respondents were told that there was no major road, implying that they should always yield the right of way to traffic coming from the right (the right-hand ride). The results showed that drivers' reported behaviour varied over different intersections. As expected, the formal rule of priority (i.e., the direction from which the other driver was coming) was an important determinant for drivers' yielding behaviour. However, cues for informal rules such as the other driver's behaviour and road breadth were also of importance. Different groups of drivers could be identified according to their strategies of yielding behaviour. One group of drivers reported that they rarely yielded, whereas another group reported that they always did so. A third group complied with the right-hand rule most of the time, whereas the behaviour of a fourth group varied over intersections. The implications of the results and the appropriateness of the right-hand rule are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Louise, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Interrupting habitual car use : The importance of car habit strength and moral motivation for personal car use reduction
- 2008
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - : Elsevier. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 11:1, s. 10-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, habitual car use was interrupted by means of an intervention attempting to induce a deliberate consideration to reduce personal car use and forming implementation intentions for the planned changes in travel behavior. The importance of car habit strength and of moral motivation for reducing car use was analyzed. The study was conducted as a field experiment where 71 car users were recruited to either an experimental group or a control group. All participants reported car habit strength and moral motivation to reduce car use (i.e. personal norm) by means of a questionnaire, and recorded car use by means of weekly car diaries pre- and post-intervention. Results demonstrate that the intervention did make the choice of travel mode more deliberate since the association between car use and car habit strength were weakened while the relation between car use and personal norm were strengthened after compared to before the intervention. Moreover, as a result of the intervention car users with a strong car habit and a strong personal norm were found to be more likely to reduce car use as compared to those with a weak car habit and a weak personal norm. Hence, a reduction in car use may be facilitated by interrupting habitual car use, specifically if the car user has a strong car habit and a strong moral motivation to reduce personal car use.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Falk, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Developing traffic safety interventions from conceptions of risks and accidents
- 2007
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F:: Traffic Psychology and behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By means of investigating the mental background to young male drivers’ risky traffic behaviour, this explorative qualitativestudy outlines a framework for the construction of interventions that could mitigate risk-taking among young maledrivers. Seven males, 20–23 years of age, demonstrating excessive speeding behaviour when driving, were interviewed indepth. Five themes, ‘‘Self-image as a good driver brings self-esteem’’, ‘‘Commanding high speed – a pleasurable sensation’’,‘‘High awareness of risks, but notions of serious outcomes are not salient’’, ‘‘Imagined accident scenarios evoke outcomeconceptions’’ and ‘‘Perceived cause of accident influences anticipated affective reactions’’, had central positions in theirconceptions about risk-taking and accidents. The results were analysed in relation to previous literature on the conceptsof Anticipated Regret and Imagining as antecedents to attitude and behaviour change, and it was concluded that interventionsbased on imagining the emotional aftermath of being the perpetrator of a serious accident should be developed andtested.
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| 8. |
- Falk, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Promoting traffic safety among young male drivers by means of elaboration-based interventions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 12:1, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research in social psychology has brought about significant changes in attitudes and behaviour by merely asking respondents to imagine, or reflect, on a phenomenon and arrive at their own conclusions. To test the potential of such interventions in the traffic safety area, an experiment comprising 353 young men 18–23 years old with a driver’s licence was conducted. Two experimental groups were induced to imagine a severe accident scenario and to visualize their feelings and the consequences on their future lives. A control group was interviewed about neutral issues. Attitudes towards risk-taking were measured post-intervention and at follow-up. The experimental groups showed more “ideal” attitudes than the control group post-intervention. At follow-up the attitudes of the experimental group remained unchanged, whereas the control group had changed towards more “ideal” attitudes. Self-reported risk-taking behaviour was measured pre-intervention and at follow-up. At follow-up all groups reported significantly less risk-taking behaviour than at pre-intervention. It is suggested that answering the questionnaires increased mental elaboration concerning risky driving, and it is concluded that interventions that unobtrusively make drivers reflect on their driving should be explored further as a means to promote traffic safety.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Mynttinen, Sami, et al.
(författare)
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Are novice drivers overconfident? : A comparison of self-assessed and examiner-assessed driver competences in a Finnish and a Swedish sample.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 12:1, s. 120-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of subjective driving skill have usually assessed perceived driving skill in relation to the skills of the average driver. In order to examine whether novice drivers are overconfident with respect to their actual skills, a different method was used in the present study, where specific aspects of perceived driver competence were compared with assessments made by a driver examiner. A Finnish (n = 2847) and a Swedish (n = 805) sample of driving test candidates completed self-assessments and took a practical driving test; the instruments differed between the countries. The results indicated that about 50 percent of the Finnish and between 25 and 35 percent of the Swedish candidates made realistic assessments of their competence in the areas Vehicle manoeuvring, Economical driving and Traffic safety. The proportion of those who overestimated their competence was greater among the Swedish candidates than the Finnish candidates. This might be explained by greater possibilities of practicing self-assessment in the Finnish driver education. Furthermore, the results indicate that males are not overconfident to a greater extent than females. In conclusion, when perceived competence is related to actual competence instead of the skills of the average driver, the majority of drivers are no longer found to overestimate their skills.
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