| 1. |
- Allard, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Reduced number of caudate nucleus dopamine uptake sites in vascular dementia.
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 10:2, s. 77-80
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dopamine (DA) uptake sites in the caudate nucleus were studied in patients with vascular dementia (VAD) and in a control group using the presynaptic DA uptake site marker [3H][2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-fluorophenyl) tropane] as radioligand. There was a significant decrease in the number of DA uptake sites in the VAD group, while the binding affinity was unchanged. The present results indicate that in the patients investigated, the cerebrovascular disease process involves dopaminergic neuron terminals in the caudate nucleus. Our findings are discussed in relation to the reductions in number of DA uptake sites that have previously been revealed in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
|
|
| 2. |
- Axelman, K, et al.
(författare)
-
Apolipoprotein E and alpha1-antichymotrypsin genotypes and age of onset of familial Alzheimer's disease
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 10:1, s. 1-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and α<sub>1</sub>-antichymotrypsin (ACT) genotype and allele frequency distribution were investigated in 113 familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases. A significantly higher σ4 frequency was observed in patients with an age of onset between 55–64 and 65–74 years compared to individuals with later or earlier onset. No difference in ACT <i>A</i> allele frequency was seen in any onset group, nor was any influence of ACT genotypes on the age of onset observed. However, the mean age of onset was lowered by the presence of the ACT/AA and ACT/TT genotypes among APOE σ3/3 bearers. Possible APOE effects on age of onset were evaluated in 78 affected sib pairs. An earlier age of onset was observed in siblings with an σ4 allele compared to siblings without an σ4 allele. This supports the notion that the σ4 allele promotes an earlier age of onset. However, in siblings with the same APOE genotype, a wide range of onset was seen, indicating that unknown genetic or environmental factors affect the expression of AD.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bronge, L, et al.
(författare)
-
White matter lesions in Alzheimer patients are influenced by apolipoprotein E genotype
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 10:2, s. 89-96
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To analyse the influence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype on the extent of white matter lesions (WMLs) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we examined 60 AD patients with magnetic resonance imaging. The WMLs were rated visually in different brain regions. The patients with the APOE genotype σ4/4 had more extensive WMLs in the deep white matter than patients with genotypes σ3/3 and σ3/4. There was a correlation with age for WMLs in the deep white matter in patients with the APOE σ3/3 genotype. In patients carrying at least one σ4 allele, the WMLs showed no age correlation. The results could imply that in APOE allele σ4 carriers, the WMLs represent a pathological process related to the aetiology of the disease.
|
|
| 4. |
- Brännström, Benny
(författare)
-
Care of the delirious patient
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 10:5, s. 416-419
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In spite of the fact that delirium is a common and often severe cognitive disturbance in the elderly, quite few intervention studies are performed. Descriptive studies of variable quality are much more common. For example, in hip fracture patients delirium is a common complication and the cause of nursing problems that cannot be explained by the fracture per se. Nursing and medical interventions have been published separately but only one study, the Pitea Program, has so far been known that combines nursing and medical knowledge. This program has been shown to reduce the incidence of delirium in elderly hip fracture patients
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Edlund, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical profile of delirium in patients treated for femoral neck fractures
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 10:5, s. 325-329
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incidence of delirium, its predisposing factors, clinical profile, associated symptoms and consequences were investigated in 54 consecutive patients, 19 men and 35 women, mean age 77.1 years, admitted to an 'ortho-geriatric unit' with femoral neck fractures. The incidence of postoperative delirium was 15/54 (27.8%) and a logistic regression model found that dementia and a prolonged waiting time for the operation increased the risk of postoperative delirium. Delirium during the night was most common but in 5 patients the delirium was worst in the morning. Patients with delirium suffered more anxiety, depressed mood, emotionalism, delusions and hallucinations. A larger proportion of patients with delirium could not return to their previous dwelling, and a larger proportion of delirious patients were either dead, wheelchair-bound or bedridden at the 6-month follow-up (p < 0.005). The conclusion is that delirium is common and has a serious impact on the outcome after hip fracture surgery.
|
|
| 7. |
- Elmståhl, Sölve, et al.
(författare)
-
Postural hypotension and EEG variables predict cognitive decline : Results from a 5-Year follow-up of healthy elderly women
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 8:3, s. 180-187
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantified electroencephalographic activity (EEG) has been used to study normal ageing and dementia. Few studies have described longitudinal changes in the very old. A cognitive decline has been described in subjects with white-matter lesions and hypertension but the association with hypotension is unclear. Our aim was to study the predictive value of quantified EEG for the development of cognitive decline and associations with postural hypotension. Participants: Thirty-three healthy women aged 75–95 years, with no signs of cerebrovascular disease, dementia or acute illness at baseline examination took part in a longitudinal 5-year follow-up study. The women were recruited from a random selection using the Municipal Registry. Quantified EEG was assessed twice and recorded on a Siemens-Elema connected to a Biological Banker. The medical and neuropsychological examination was conducted twice. Dementia was classified according to DSM criteria. The assessment included Mini-Mental Scale Examination (MMSE), spatial and vocabulary tests. Blood pressure was measured in supine position and an orthostatic test was performed with continuous ECG recording. Seven women (cases) developed cognitive decline at the 5-year follow-up, defined as newly developed MMSE < 27 and dementia symptoms. Low beta activity at baseline predicted development of cognitive decline. The women who remained healthy at follow-up showed an increase of alpha and theta activity. The cases had a higher orthostatic blood pressure fall during tilting at baseline (16 mm Hg) than the controls (1 mm Hg, p < 0.01). The orthostatic reaction was correlated with increased levels of theta and alpha activity at follow-up (r = −0.47 to −0.52; p < 0.01). Low beta activity predicts for cognitive decline in the elderly and an orthostatic blood pressure reaction is a risk factor for cognitive decline.
|
|
| 8. |
- Farde, L, et al.
(författare)
-
PET study of the M1-agonists [11C]xanomeline and [11C]butylthio-TZTP in monkey and man
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Dementia (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1013-7424. ; 7:4, s. 187-195
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Xanomeline, a substituted TZTP, is a new M<sub>1</sub> selective muscarinic agonist in clinical trials for Alzheimer''s disease. The brain uptake of [<sup>11</sup>C]xanomeline and the analog [<sup>11</sup>C]butylthio-TZTP was examined by positron emission tomography (PET). Radioactivity accumulated most markedly in the neocortex and the striatum. Pharmacological characterization in vitro and in cynomolgus monkeys in vivo by PET indicated specific [<sup>11</sup>C]butylthio-TZTP binding to muscarinic receptors and to sigma-1 recognition sites. More than 5% of the radioactivity was in the human brain 5 min after i.v. injection of [<sup>11</sup>C]xanomeline or [<sup>11</sup>C]butylthio-TZTP. This high brain uptake may be clinically advantageous in the sense that substituted TZTP may induce central muscarinic agonist effects at a dose level for which there is a low risk of peripheral side-effects.
|
|
| 9. |
- Gustafson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Apolipoprotein E genotyping in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 8:4, s. 240-243
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are characterized by progressive neuronal loss and microvacuolization, although with different distributions of cortical involvement. In contrast to AD there is no amyloid, senile plaques or tangles in FTD. The involvement of chromosome 19 in AD has been associated with apoliprotein E (ApoE) and the epsi4 gene frequency has been related to increased risk and early onset of AD. Our analysis of frequency of the ApoE alleles in 38 patients with AD, 21 patients with FTD and 29 normal controls indicates an association of both AD and FTD with an increased frequency of the epsi4 allele and in AD also with homozygosity for epsi4. Our results might indicate that ApoE epsi4 is an important aggravating and pathoplastic factor in the presence of genetic and other determinants for the development of AD or FTD. A significantly higher epsi2 frequency in our FTD material compared to AD and normals might also indicate a connection with the distribution of cortical degeneration.
|
|
| 10. |
- Hansson, G, et al.
(författare)
-
Intact brain serotonin system in vascular dementia
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Dementia (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1013-7424. ; 7:4, s. 196-200
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pre- and postsynaptic elements of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) system were studied in a control group and in patients with vascular dementia (VAD). The 5-HT uptake site was used as a presynaptic marker for 5-HT terminals and 5-HT1A and 5HT2 receptors were used as postsynaptic markers. The binding sites were quantified with radioligand binding techniques, where the radioligands used were [<sup>3</sup>H]paroxetine, [<sup>3</sup>H]8-OH-DPAT and [<sup>3</sup>H]ketanserin, respectively. The presynaptic uptake site was studied in frontal and temporal cortices and caudate nucleus. 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors were studied only in frontal and temporal cortices. There were no differences between control and VAD groups in any of the regions investigated with respect to the number of binding sites (B<sub>max</sub>) and binding affinity (K<sub>d</sub>). This indicates that both pre- and postsynaptic parts of the 5-HT system are intact in these brain areas in VAD.
|
|
