| 1. |
- Breidbach, Olaf, et al.
(författare)
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Proctolin-immunoreactive neurons persist during metamorphosis of an insect: A developmental study of the ventral nerve cord of Tenebrio molitor(Coleoptera)
- 1989
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 257:1, s. 217-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proctolin-immunoreactive neurons in all neuromers of the ventral nerve cord of Tenebrio molitor L. have been quantitatively demonstrated and mapped throughout metamorphosis. Each neuromer contains an anterior and a posterior group of neurons with light and dark staining properties as revealed by peroxidase-antiperoxidase labeling. Serial homologous subsets of dark staining neurons with central and peripheral projections have been identified and found to persist during morphogenetic changes from the larva to the adult. Most neurons maintain their topological and structural characteristics throughout metamorphosis. The identified proctolin-immunoreactive neurons exhibit structures similar to those described in other insect species; some may correspond known motoneurons.
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| 2. |
- Dircksen, Heinrich, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Immunocytochemical demonstration of the neurosecretory systems containing putative moult-inhibiting hormone and hyperglycemic hormone in the eyestalk of brachyuran crustaceans
- 1988
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 251, s. 3-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By use of antisera raised against purified moultinhibiting (MIH) and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) from Carcinus maenas, complete and distinct neurosecretory pathways for both hormones were demonstrated with the PAP and immunofluorescence technique. By double staining, employing a combination of silver-enhanced immunogold labelling and PAP, both antigens could be visualized in the same section. Immunoreactive structures were studied in Carcinus maenas, Liocarcinus puber, Cancer pagurus, Uca pugilator and Maja squinado. They were only observed in the X-organ sinus gland (SG) system of the eyestalks and consisted of MIH-positive perikarya, which were dispersed among the more numerous CHH-positive perikarya of the medulla terminalis X-organ (XO). The MIH-positive neurons form branching collateral plexuses adjacent to the XO and axons that are arranged around the CHH-positive central axon bundle of the principal XO-SG tract. In the SG, MIH-positive axon profiles and terminals, clustered around hemolymph lacunae, are distributed between the more abundant CHH-positive axon profiles and terminals. Colocalisation of MIH and CHH was never observed. The gross morphology of both neurosecretory systems was similar in all species examined, however, in U. pugilator and M. squinado immunostaining for MIH was relatively faint unless higher concentrations of antiserum were used. Possible reasons for this phenomenon as well as observed moult cycle-related differences in immunostaining are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Dircksen, Heinrich, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Immunocytochemical localization of CCAP, a novel crustacean cardioactive peptide, in the nervous system of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas L.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 254:2, s. 347-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against synthetic crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) conjugated to bovine thyroglobulin, and were used to map CCAP-immunoreactive structures in the central nervous system of Carcinus maenas. As expected, the neurohemal pericardial organs (PO) displayed abundant immunoreactivity in nerve fibers and terminals. In addition, immunoreactive neurons were demonstrated in other parts of the nervous system. At least some of them do not appear to terminate in neurohemal structures and may have a non-endocrine, as yet unknown function. Immunoreactive perikarya with a diameter of 25–30 m occur in the brain. They project into the optic and antennary neuropil, and into the eyestalk. One cell was found in the medulla terminalis of the eyestalk and in the connective ganglion, respectively. From the latter, axonal branches could be traced into the brain and the thoracic ganglia (TG). In the TG, small-diameter perikarya give rise to extensive networks of varicose fibers. Some of the perikarya occur in a characteristic paired arrangement with larger CCAP-immunoreactive somata (diameter 40–50 m). These pairs of one small and one large cell occur in all mouthpart and leg segments of the TG, except the abdominal ganglia (AG), where only large cells were found. The main projections of the large neurons comprise one or more fibers in each of the seven segmental nerves (SN), leading to neurosecretory terminals in the PO. The fibers in the SN are joined by branches of an ascending axonal tract from the large perikarya in the AG. The large-type perikarya are considered to be the principal source of CCAP in the PO. The optic ganglia in the eyestalk, except the medulla terminalis, the neurohemal sinus gland and the stomatogastric nervous system are devoid of CCAP-immunoreactivity.In axon terminals of the PO, CCAP is not colocalized with other PO-neuropeptides, i.e. proctolin-, FMRFamide-like, and Leu-enkephalin-like immunoreactive materials. Electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed a distinct CCAP-containing granule type in specific axon profiles and terminals in the PO.The architecture of CCAP-immunoreactive neurons is discussed with respect to previous morphological studies on the origin and pathways of fibers terminating in the PO.
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| 4. |
- Dircksen, Heinrich, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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The ultrastructure of nerve endings containing pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) in crustacean sinus glands: Identification by an antiserum against a synthetic PDH
- 1987
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 250:2, s. 377-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A high-liter antiserum has been obtained from two rabbits immunized with a glutaraldehyde conjugate of synthetic pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) from Uca pugilator and bovine thyroglobulin. The antiserum blocked melanophore-dispersing activity of the peptide in vivo. In sinus glands (SG) of Carcinus maenas, Cancer pagurus, Uca pugilator and Orconectes limosus, electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed sparsely distributed axon endings containing a distinct PDH-immunoreactive type of neurosecretory granules (diameter 90–130 nm). Exocytotic figures indicating release of the content of these granules into hemolymph lacunae were occasionally observed. Preservation of fine structure and antigenicity of the PDH granules were markedly dependent on the fixation procedure used. A preliminary experiment with C. maenas showed that preterminal axon dilatations near the basal lamina seemed to accumulate PDH-granules when animals were kept in complete darkness for three days. Immunodot blotting of fractions after high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of extracts from SGs of C. maenas and O. limosus revealed a strongly immunoreactive substance at a retention time very similar to those of synthetic PDHs of Uca pugilator and Pandalus borealis. It is also coincident with a zone of biological activity. Thus, the antigen demonstrated by immunocytochemistry is identical or very similar to one of the known PDHs.
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| 5. |
- Edman, Anne-Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Structural diversity in muscle fibres of chicken breast
- 1988
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 251:2, s. 281-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- hicken breast muscle is usually considered to be a relatively homogeneous white muscle and has therefore been widely used for studies of muscle proteins. In a previous study, however, we have found different M-region structures in different fibres from this muscle. Because of this result, we have now carried out a combined histochemical and ultrastructural survey of this muscle. In particular, we have made use of large transverse cryo-sections that include most of the muscle cross-section. Although the white region is fairly homogeneous in fibre content according to normal histochemical criteria (mATPase), we have found that there is a gradation of fibre structure across the muscle. The bulk of the muscle stains conventionally for Type-II fibres according to mATPase tests (the "white" part) but, in the small "red" part of the muscle, there are also Type-I fibres together with the Type-II fibres. Superimposed on this division into Type-I and Type-II fibres are variations in fibre size, oxidative and glycolytic staining properties, and variations of Z-band width and M-band structure; there is no strict correlation among any of these parameters. The apparently uniform staining across most of the muscle when tested for myofibrillar ATPase may be a misleading indicator of fibre properties.
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| 6. |
- Fridén, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate staining for ultrastructural assessment of muscle glycogen utilization during exercise
- 1985
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; :242, s. 229-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distribution of glycogen particles in semithin and ultrathin sections of biopsy samples from human muscles subjected to either short- or long-term running were investigated using PAS and Periodic Acid-ThioSemiCarbazide-Silver Proteinate (PA-TSC-SP) staining methods. Glycogen particles were predominantly found immediately under the sarcolemma or aligned along the myofibrillar I-band. After long-term exhaustive exercise type-1 fibers with a few or no glycogen particles in the core of the fibers were frequently observed. The subsarcolemmal glycogen stores of these "depleted" type-1 fibers were about three times as large as after exhaustive short-time exercise. Another indication of utilization of subsarcolemmal glycogen stores during anaerobic exercise was that many particles displayed a pale, rudimentary shape. This observation suggests fragmental metabolization of glycogen. Thus, depending on type of exercise and type of fiber differential and sequential glycogen utilization patterns can be observed
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| 7. |
- Jaros, Peter P., et al.
(författare)
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Occurrence of immunoreactive enkephalins in a neurohemal organ and other nervous structures in the eyestalk of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas L. (Crustacea, Decapoda)
- 1985
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 241:1, s. 111-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Light-microscopical observations with immunofluorescence and peroxidase staining procedures revealed leu-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in axon profiles of the sinus gland (SG) and in single small neurons in the optic ganglia of the eyestalk of Carcinus maenas. Electron microscopy of the SG showed reactivity to be associated with neurosecretory granules 82±23 nm in diameter. High performance liquid chromatography of SG-extracts revealed radioimmunoreactive substances with the retention times of synthetic met- and leu-enkephalin and met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, respectively.
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| 8. |
- Mangerich, Sigrid, et al.
(författare)
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Immunocytochemical identification of structures containing putative red pigment-concentrating hormone in two species of decapod crustaceans
- 1986
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 245:2, s. 377-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By use of an antiserum raised against the Nterminal sequence pGlu-Leu-Asn-Phe..., common to red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH) of Pandalus borealis and three structurally similar insect neuropeptides, putative RPCH-immunopositive structures were revealed in the eyestalks of Carcinus maenas and Orconectes limosus and in the brain and thoracic ganglion (TG) of C. maenas. In the eyestalks, complete neurosecretory pathways were demonstrated, consisting of perikarya, axons and terminals in the neurohemal organ, the sinus gland (SG). In C. maenas approximately 20 small RPCH cells are present as a distinct group adjacent to the medulla terminalis ganglionic X-organ (MTGXO, XO). They are morphologically different from the larger XO perikarya, which contain the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH). The occurrence of both neuropeptides in distinct neurosecretory pathways was ascertained by immunologic double staining (PAP/gold) or by analysis of consecutive sections. In addition, a group of two to four larger RPCH cells is located in the proximal part of the MT. In O. limosus, RPCH cells are found in the XO. Cells corresponding to the proximal MT cells of C. maenas were not found. In both species, a few more weakly staining immunopositive perikarya were observed in clusters of cell somata of the optic ganglia. It is uncertain whether these are connected to the SG.In the brain of C. maenas, several smaller and three larger perikarya were consistently observed in the dorsal lateral cell somata adjacent to the olfactory lobes. In the optic nerve, two axons that project into the eyestalk were stained. Some axons were also observed in the ventral median neuropil of the brain. In the TG, RPCH cells were found in small numbers in median positions, i.e., in clusters of somata between the ganglia of the appendages. HPLC analysis of the red pigment-concentrating activity from the SG of C. maenas revealed that the retention time of the neuropeptide is similar but not identical to that of Pandalus borealis RPCH.
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| 9. |
- Mangerich, Sigrid, et al.
(författare)
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Immunocytochemical localization of pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) and its coexistence with FMRFamide-immunoreactive material in the eyestalks of the decapod crustaceans Carcinus maenas and Orconectes limosus
- 1987
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - Heidelberg New York : Springer. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 250, s. 365-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By use of a new antiserum, raised against synthetic pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) from Uca pugilator, immunoreactive structures were studied at the light-microscopic level in the eyestalk ganglia of Carcinus maenas and Orconectes limosus. PDH-reactivity was mainly found in two types of neurons that were located between the medulla interna (MI) and the medulla terminalis (MT) in both species. Several additional perikarya were located in the distal part of the MI in O. limosus. In C. maenas, two to three PDH-positive perikarya were found in the region of the X-organ (XO) in the MT. Processes from single and clustered cells could be traced into all medullae of the eyestalk. Axons from the immunoreactive perikarya running between MI and MT form a larger tract that traverses the MT. Fibers from this tract give rise to extensive arborizations and plexuses throughout the proximal MT. A plexus containing very fine fibers is located at the surface of the MT in a position distal to the XO-area of C. maenas only. The proximal plexus also receives PDH-positive fibers through the optic nerve. PDH-perikarya in the cerebral ganglion may also project into the more distal regions of the eyestalk. Distal projections of the perikarya between the MI and MT consist of several branches. Most of these are directed toward the MI and ME (medulla externa) wherein they form highly organized, layered plexuses. One branch was traced into the principal neurohemal organ, the sinus gland (SG). In the SG, the tract gives off arborizations and neurosecretory terminals. It then proceeds in a proximal direction out of the SG, adjacent to the MT. Its further course could not be elucidated. The lamina ganglionaris (LG) receives PDH-fibers from the ME and fine processes from small perikarya located in close association with the LG in the distal part of the first optic chiasma. The architecture of PDH-positive elements was similar in both C. maenas and O. limosus. The distribution of these structures suggests that PDH is not only a neurohormone but may, in addition, have a role as a neurotransmitter or modulator. Immunostaining of successive sections with an FMRF-amide antiserum revealed co-localization of FMRFamideand PDH-immunoreactivities in most, but not all PDH-containing perikarya and fibers. The axonal branch leading to the SG and the SG proper were devoid of FMRFamide immunoreactivity.
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| 10. |
- Ohlsson, LG, et al.
(författare)
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Postembryonic development of Arg-Phe-amide-like and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive neurons in the blowfly optic lobe
- 1989
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 256, s. 199-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adult optic lobes of the blowfly Calliphoraerythrocephala were found to be innervated by more than2000 neurons immunoreactive to antisera raised against theneuropeptides FMRFamide, its fragment RFamide, andgastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK). All of the CCK-like immunoreactive(CCK-IR) neurons also reacted with antisera toRFamide, FMRFamide and pancreatic polypeptide. A fewRFamide/FMRFamide-like immunoreactive (RF-IR) neuronsdid not react with CCK antisera; they reacted insteadwith antisera to Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin-Arg 6-Phe 7. The RF-IR neurons are, thus, heterogeneous withrespect to their contents of immunoreactive peptides. Twoof the RF-IR neuron types innervating the adult optic lobescould be traced in their entirety only after following theirpostembryonic development, because of the complexity ofthe trajectories of the immunoreactive neuronal process inthe adult insect. The majority of the cell bodies of the RFIRand CCK-IR neurons lie within the optic lobes andare derived from imaginal neuroblasts of the inner and outeroptic anlagen. Six of the peptidergic neurons are, however,metamorphosing larval neurons with their cell bodiesin the central part of the protocerebrum. The full extentof immunoreactivitiy is not attained in some of the neuronsuntil the late pupal or early adult stage. The larval opticcenter was also found to be innervated by neurons immunoreactivewith both RFamide and CCK antisera. The cellbodies of these RF-IR/CCK-IR neurons are located nearthe developing lamina (one on each side). In the 24 h pupa,the cell bodies of these neurons are still immunoreactive,but thereafter they cannot be immunolabeled apparentlydue to cell death or a change in transmitter phenotype.
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