| 1. |
- Eriksson, Jan W, et al.
(författare)
-
Insulin concentrations and insulin sensitivity after short-term amiloride in healthy subjects
- 1994
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 46:5, s. 469-472
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have evaluated the short-term effects of amiloride on insulin action in vivo, since amiloride is known to impair insulin action in vitro.Seven healthy subjects were treated according to a randomized, double-blind, cross-over protocol. The treatment periods were 3 days each with amiloride 15 mg daily and placebo. Insulin action on glucose turnover was assessed directly after each treatment period with the hyper-insulinaemic euglycaemic glucose clamp technique.At the two insulin concentrations studied (∼ 30 mU·l−1 and ∼ 200 mU·l−1), the glucose infusion rate required to maintain constant euglycaemia did not differ after either amiloride or placebo. The rates of glucose production and utilization were also similar, whereas the so-called insulin sensitivity index at the lower insulin concentration was significantly reduced (by about 15 %) after amiloride. Moreover, amiloride produced significantly higher fasting insulin and C-peptide concentrations, whereas fasting glucose and NEFA concentrations were unaltered.In conclusion, these data suggest that short-term amiloride slightly impairs insulin sensitivity with respect to glucose uptake. However, overall glucose homoeostasis does not appear to be affected, probably due to a compensatory rise in plasma insulin.
|
|
| 2. |
- Karlsson, BW, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of the antianginal effect of nifedipine : influence of formulation dependent pharmacokinetics
- 1991
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 40:5, s. 501-506
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nifedipine capsules t.d.s. and an extended release formulation of nifedipine, nifedipine-ER tablets, given once daily in corresponding daily doses, have been compared with placebo in a double-blind, three-way cross-over study in 24 patients with stable angina pectoris. The objective was to study the influence on the antianginal effect of the different pharmacokinetics of several preparations of nifedipine. All patients received concomitant treatment with beta-adrenoceptor blockers. Antianginal efficacy was assessed by a dynamic exercise test at the end of the dosage intervals, i.e. 8 and 24 h after nifedipine capsules and nifedipine-ER, respectively, as well as 6 h after dosing. Six h after dosing the time of onset of chest pain and total exercise time were longer and total work was significantly higher during both nifedipine-ER (plasma concentration 260 nmol/l) and placebo treatment than after nifedipine capsules (plasma concentration 78 nmol/l). Time to 1 mm ST depression was longer during nifedipine-ER than during nifedipine capsule treatment. No significant difference was seen between nifedipine-ER and placebo. At the end of the dosage interval (24 and 8 h after nifedipine-ER and nifedipine capsules, respectively), no significant difference was found between nifedipine-ER (plasma concentration 75 nmol/l) and the other two treatments. However, placebo was superior to nifedipine capsules (plasma concentration 58 nmol/l) both in the time to onset of chest pain and total exercise time. The lack of effect at the end of the dosage interval was probably due to the subtherapeutic plasma nifedipine level.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ekedahl, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Benzodiazepine prescribing patterns in a high-prescribing Scandinavian community
- 1993
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - 1432-1041. ; 44:2, s. 141-146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sales statistics indicate large variations in benzodiazepine consumption between the Scandinavian countries: the current difference between Denmark (highest) and Sweden (lowest) is almost two-fold. There are also large within-country variations: e.g. benzodiazepine sales in the Swedish city of Helsingborg, which is close to Denmark, were at the average Danish level and were the highest in Sweden. Repeated prescription analyses were carried out in Helsingborg, and register data were used to compare the extent of psychiatric morbidity and psychosocial problems in this city with those in neighbouring cities. Benzodiazepine consumption was higher than the national average in all age groups. However, neither the choice of the predominant benzodiazepine agents nor the dose size or number of doses per prescription showed any major deviation. Hence, Helsingborg may have a larger proportion of benzodiazepine users or longer exposure periods among users. The latter is supported by the fact that about 40% of all benzodiazepine prescriptions were repeated. Psychiatric morbidity, suicide rate, alcohol-related diseases, unemployment and the proportion of socially isolated subjects were higher than the county average. On the other hand, within the county, there were cities that despite lower benzodiazepine sales had an equal or higher rate of suicide, unemployment and alcohol-related diseases. Of all benzodiazepine prescriptions processed in Helsingborg, > 30% were issued by < 5% of the prescribers (> or = 15 prescriptions per prescriber and per week). Thus, the higher usage of benzodiazepines in Helsingborg may partly be related to higher psychiatric morbidity and more psychosocial problems, but deviant prescribing habits among a minority of physicians are also important.
|
|
