| 1. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1965, et al.
(author)
-
Can access to psychiatric health care explain regional differences in disability pension with psychiatric disorders?
- 2007
-
In: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 42:5, s. 366-71
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Psychiatric disorders are a serious public health problem, especially as many psychiatric disorders begin early in life. Disability pension (DP) with psychiatric diagnoses has, since the mid 1990s, increased in several European countries and regional differences within countries have emerged. It is not clear whether these regional differences are associated with differences in access to psychiatric health care. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate whether regional differences in DP with psychiatric diagnoses in Norway were associated with differences in psychiatric service provision (the number of staff employed and psychiatric beds available). METHOD: The study population consisted of individuals aged 16-67 years living in Norway (n = 4,348,410) and six southern regions. Included cases were individuals who were granted a DP with a psychiatric diagnosis between 1 January and 31 December 1990, 1995 or 2000. Mental retardation was excluded. Data on cases were collected from the National Insurance Administration and data on psychiatric health care staff and beds was collected from Specialist Health Service, Statistics Norway. Regression models were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Norway as reference. RESULTS: Staffing levels (per 10,000 inhabitants) did not differ substantially between the regions, with the exception of Oslo that had about 70% higher numbers of staff employed. In regression analyses controlling for numbers of psychiatric staff and beds, regional differences in DP remained. Both men and women in the semi rural regions Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder were significantly more likely to receive a DP with a psychiatric diagnosis, while the IRR for DP was reduced in Ostfold. Different psychiatric staff groups were associated with increased or decreased rates of DP. The adjusted IRR between number of psychiatric staff (man-years of staff per 10,000 inhabitants) and DP with psychiatric diagnoses were: 1.23 (1.18-1.29) for psychologists, 1.13 (1.04-1.23) for physicians, 1.03 (1.00-1.07) for nurses and 0.84 (0.80-0.88) for auxiliary nurses. Furthermore, increased numbers of beds were associated with DP with a psychiatric diagnosis (IRR 2.86 (2.03-4.05) for 100 beds/10,000 population). CONCLUSION: Psychiatric provision (in terms of both staff and beds) was associated with the incidence of DP with psychiatric diagnoses but regional differences in provision did not explain the regional differences in DP with a psychiatric diagnosis. Future work needs to examine whether differences in case detection and case management are associated with regional differences in DP with psychiatric diagnoses.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Eberhard, Sophia, et al.
(author)
-
Secondary prevention of hazardous alcohol consumption in psychiatric out-patients: a randomised controlled study.
- 2009
-
In: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 44, s. 1013-1021
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Hazardous alcohol use is associated with an increased risk for development of a substance use disorder, leading to negative outcomes in psychiatric patients. AIMS: In order to investigate whether psychiatric outpatients' hazardous alcohol consumption could be reduced by way of a brief intervention by telephone. METHOD: Non-psychotic psychiatric outpatients, n = 1,670, completed a self-rating form concerning alcohol habits (AUDIT). Participants with scores indicating risk consumption (n = 344) were randomised to intervention (immediate advice) or control (advice after 6 months). RESULTS: Hazardous alcohol habits occurred among 19% of the women and 24% of the men. In the intervention group, half of the patients reduced their alcohol consumption to non-hazardous levels at 6-month follow-up (ITT analysis). In women, 41.5% in the intervention group had no hazardous consumption at follow-up compared to 24.7% in the control group (P = 0.003), corresponding figure for men was 49.1 and 34.0%. CONCLUSION: Brief intervention seems to be effective to reduce hazardous alcohol consumption in psychiatric outpatients.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Foldemo, Annica, 1953-, et al.
(author)
-
Quality of life and burden in parents of outpatients with schizophrenia
- 2005
-
In: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 40:2, s. 133-138
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundSince the late 1950s, several studies have reported the burden faced by families living with a mentally ill relative. These studies have pointed out the importance of a progressive mental health service, focusing not only on the treatment of the patients, but also on the needs of the relatives. The aims of the present study were to compare the quality of life of parents of outpatients with schizophrenia with a randomly selected reference group and the relation between quality of life and burden on the parents.SubjectsThe sample comprised all parents (n=38) of outpatients with schizophrenia at an outpatient clinic in 2001, where the patients had contact at least once a week with both parents and staff. The parents were compared with a reference group (n=698).MethodsThe self-rating scale Quality of Life Index (QLI) was used to assess quality of life in both groups. In the case of the parents, semistructured interviews were supplemented by the data collection to assess the degree of burden with the Burden Assessment Scale (BAS). The outpatients were also interviewed to assess their global function with the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF) and the Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI).ResultsThe parents were significantly less satisfied with their overall quality of life (p<0.05). There was a correlation between lower overall quality of life and higher perceived burden r=0.58 (p<0.01). There was also a correlation between lower values on the family subscale and social subscale within the QLI and higher subjective burden r=0.54 (p<0.01) and r=0.52 (p<0.01), respectively.ConclusionThese results indicate that caregiving has an influence on the family situation and on the quality of life of parents. These findings suggest that the professions working with the parents must have an approach focusing not only on the care given to the ill daughter or son, but also on the parents’ situation.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Green Landell, Malin, et al.
(author)
-
Social phobia in Swedish adolescents : Prevalence and gender differences
- 2008
-
In: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 44:1, s. 1-7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of self-reported social phobia in a community sample of Swedish adolescents in junior high school, at the risk-period for developing social phobia. Of particular interest was to investigate gender differences in prevalence across ages. Prevalence of sub-threshold social phobia was also studied. Methods Students in grades 6–8 (aged 12–14) from seventeen schools in five Swedish municipalities were screened by means of a self-report questionnaire, the social phobia screening questionnaire-for children (SPSQ-C). Results Data from a sample of 2,128 students were analysed and showed a point-prevalence rate of 4.4% (95%CI 3.5–5.2) and a significant gender difference (6.6% girls vs. 1.8% boys, P < 0.001). No significant differences in prevalence of probable cases emerged across the ages. At sub-threshold level, marked social fear of at least one social situation was reported by 13.8% of the total group. “Speaking in front of class” and “calling someone unfamiliar on the phone” were the most feared social situations. In the social phobia group, 91.4% reported impairment in the school-domain due to their social fear. Conclusion Social phobia is a common psychiatric condition in Swedish adolescents, especially in girls. As impairment in the school-domain is reported to a high degree, professionals and teachers need to recognize social phobia in adolescents so that help in overcoming the difficulties can be offered.
|
|
| 10. |
- Haggård-Grann, Helena, et al.
(author)
-
Short-term effects of psychiatric symptoms and interpersonal stressors on criminal violence : a case cross-over study
- 2006
-
In: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 41:7, s. 532-540
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND:The aim of the study was to analyse the triggering or acute risk effect of psychiatric symptoms and interpersonal stressors on criminal violence.METHOD:One hundred and thirty three violent offenders were recruited from a forensic psychiatric evaluation (FPE) unit and a national prison evaluation unit in Sweden during 2002-2003, and were interviewed about trigger exposures. A case-crossover design was used eliminating long-term within individual confounding.RESULTS:Suicidal ideation or parasuicide within 24 h before the violent event conferred a ninefold risk increase. In contrast, violent ideation did not trigger criminal violence. Hallucinations yielded a fourfold risk increase, whereas paranoid thoughts were associated with a small and statistically non-significant risk increase. Acute conflicts with others and being denied psychiatric care within 24 h before violence also increased the risk of acting violently.CONCLUSIONS:Some tested psychiatric symptoms and stressors triggered criminal violence, whereas others did not. The case-crossover design may be particularly useful for the study of triggers of violence.
|
|
