| 1. |
- Alenius, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Knowledge and insight in relation to functional remission in patients with long-term psychotic disorders
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 45:5, s. 523-529
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patients with psychotic symptoms often respond poorly to treatment. Outcomes can be affected by biological, physiological and psychological factors according to the vulnerability-stress model. The patient's coping strategies and beliefs have been correlated with outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the knowledge and insight in relation to treatment response. METHODS: A naturalistic study was performed using patient interviews and information gathered from patient drug charts. Apart from the rating scales used for classification of treatment response (CANSEPT method), the SPKS knowledge of illness and drugs rating scale was utilized. RESULTS: In the group of patients in functional remission (FR; n = 38), 37% had insight into their illness as compared to 10% among those not in functional remission (non-FR; n = 78; P < 0.01). As much as 23% of the non-FR group had no strategy for responding to warning signs versus 8% in the FR group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Better treatment outcomes appear to be associated with better insight into illness, higher knowledge of warning signs and better coping strategies.
|
|
| 2. |
- Araya, Mesfin, et al.
(författare)
-
Quality of life after postconflict displacement in Ethiopia : comparing placement in a community setting with that in shelters
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 46:7, s. 585-593
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The resilience of post-war displaced persons is not only influenced partly by the nature of premigration trauma, but also by postmigration psychosocial circumstances and living conditions. A lengthy civil war leading to Eritrea separating from Ethiopia and becoming an independent state in 1991 resulted in many displaced persons. METHOD: A random sample of 749 displaced women living in the shelters in the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa was compared with a random sample of 110 displaced women living in the community setting of Debre Zeit, 50 km away from Addis Ababa, regarding their quality of life, mental distress, sociodemographics, living conditions, perceived social support, and coping strategies, 6 years after displacement. RESULTS: Subjects from Debre Zeit reported significantly higher quality of life and better living conditions. However, mental distress did not differ significantly between the groups. Also, Debre Zeit subjects contained a higher proportion born in Ethiopia, a higher proportion married, reported higher traumatic life events, employed more task-oriented coping, and perceived higher social support. Factors that accounted for the difference in quality of life between the shelters and Debre Zeit groups in three of the four quality of life domains of WHOQOL-BREF (physical health, psychological, environment), included protection from insects/rodents and other living conditions. However, to account for the difference in the fourth domain (social relationships), psychosocial factors also contributed significantly. CONCLUSION: Placement and rehabilitation in a community setting seems better than in the shelters. If this possibility is not available, measures to improve specific living conditions in the shelters are likely to lead to a considerable increase in quality of life.
|
|
| 3. |
- Beldie, Alina, et al.
(författare)
-
Fighting stigma of mental illness in midsize European countries.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-9285 .- 0933-7954. ; 47 Suppl 1, s. 1-38
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stigma is the most powerful obstacle to the development of mental health care. Numerous activities aiming to reduce the stigma of mental illness and the consequent negative discrimination of the mentally ill and their families have been conducted in Europe. Descriptions of many of these activities are not easily available, either because there are no publications that describe them, or because descriptions exist only in local languages. This supplement aims to help in overcoming this imbalance by providing a description of anti-stigma activities in 14 countries in Europe regardless of the language in which they were published and regardless whether they were previously published.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bodén, Robert, et al.
(författare)
-
Five-year outcome of first-episode psychosis before and after the implementation of a modified assertive community treatment programme
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 45:6, s. 665-674
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Assertive community treatment programmes are increasingly common worldwide but without much knowledge of their long-term effect. We investigated whether the implementation of such a programme would improve symptomatic and functional outcome 5 years later. METHODS: Naturalistic cohort study between 1995 and 2000 of all first-episode psychosis patients (n = 144) in Uppsala County, Sweden. We compared a 3-year period before (non-mACT) and after the introduction of a modified assertive community treatment (mACT) programme in 1998. Five-year outcome was assessed for symptoms and functioning and the two co-primary outcome measures were positive and negative symptoms. Regression models were adjusted for a propensity score based on multiple baseline variables and use of antipsychotics at 5-year follow-up. RESULTS: Contrary to our hypothesis, patients in the mACT group, compared to those in the non-mACT group, had a borderline significant increased risk of having a poor 5-year outcome regarding positive psychotic symptoms [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-10.63]. There was no difference at the 5-year follow-up between the mACT and non-mACT group regarding negative symptoms (adjusted OR 1.65, 95% CI 0.48-5.66), or any of the secondary outcome measures: global assessment of functioning, hazardous alcohol use, use of illicit drugs, working or being in education, independent living, subjective satisfaction with life or suicide. Results were similar in subgroup analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a modified assertive community treatment was not followed by subsequent improvements of 5-year outcome on a group level for patients with first-episode psychosis.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Ekman, M., et al.
(författare)
-
The societal cost of bipolar disorder in Sweden
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 48:10, s. 1601-1610
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a lack of comprehensive cost-of-illness studies in bipolar disorder, in particular studies based on patient-level data. The purpose of this study was to estimate the societal cost of bipolar disorder and to relate costs to disease severity, depressive episodes, hospitalisation and patient functioning. Retrospective resource use data in inpatient and outpatient care during 2006-2008, as well as ICD-10 diagnoses and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores, were obtained from the Northern Stockholm psychiatric clinic with a catchment area including 47 % of the adult inhabitants in Stockholm. This dataset was combined with national register data on prescription pharmaceuticals and sick leave to estimate the societal cost of bipolar disorder. The study was conducted from a societal perspective, with indirect costs valued according to the human capital method. The average annual cost per patient was a,not sign28,011 in 2008 (n = 1,846). Indirect costs due to sick leave and early retirement represented 75 %, inpatient costs 13 %, outpatient costs 8 %, pharmaceuticals 2 % and community care another 2 % of the total cost. Total costs were considerably higher during mood episodes (six times higher than in remission), for hospitalised patients (a,not sign55,500 vs. a,not sign22,200) and for patients with low GAF scores. The high cost of bipolar disorder is driven primarily by indirect costs. Costs were strongly associated with mood episodes, hospitalisations and low GAF scores. This suggests that treatment that reduces the risk for relapses and hospitalizations and improve functioning may decrease both the societal cost of bipolar disorder and patient suffering.
|
|
| 9. |
- Eriksson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Early risk factors for criminal offending in schizophrenia : a 35-year longitudinal cohort study
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 46:9, s. 925-932
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Recent evidence suggests that factors predicting offending among individuals with no mental disorder may also predict offending among individuals with schizophrenia. Aims The aims of the study were (1) to explore the prevalence of risk factors for criminal offending reported at age 18 among males later diagnosed with schizophrenia, (2) to explore the associations between risk factors reported at age 18 and lifetime criminal offending, (3) to predict lifetime serious violent offending based on risk factors reported at age 18, and (4) to compare the findings with those in males with no later diagnosis of schizophrenia. Methods The study was a prospective, longitudinal study of a birth cohort followed up through registers after 35 years. The cohort consisted of 49 398 males conscripted into the Swedish Army in 1969-1970, of whom 377 were later diagnosed with schizophrenia. Results Among the subjects later diagnosed with schizophrenia, strong associations were found between four of the items reported at age 18 and lifetime criminal offending: (1) low marks for conduct in school, (2) contact with the police or child care authorities, (3) crowded living conditions, and (4) arrest for public drinking. Three of these four risk factors were found to double the risk of offending among males with no later diagnosis of schizophrenia. Conclusions Criminality in individuals with schizophrenia may at least partly be understood as a phenomenon similar to criminality in individuals in the general population.
|
|
| 10. |
- Falk Dahl, Christian A, et al.
(författare)
-
Lifestyle and social network in individuals with high level of social phobia/anxiety symptoms : a community-based study
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 45:3, s. 309-317
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study the lifestyle issues and social network in a community-based sample of individuals with a high level of social phobia/anxiety symptoms (SPAS) compared to controls, and to explore the factors that were most strongly associated with unhealthy lifestyle and a small social network. The MINI-SPIN test was administered in The Oslo Health Study (HUBRO), and the scores used to identify persons with a high level of SPAS. The SPAS group consisted of 446 individuals aged 30, 40 or 45 years defined by MINI-SPIN score a parts per thousand yen8. We randomly selected five controls for each case among those with a MINI-SPIN score of 0-7 (N = 2,230). Information was collected with questionnaires, physical measurements and blood samples. The SPAS group showed significantly higher prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle than controls, which did not hold up in multivariate analyses. The SPAS group showed significantly more alcohol problems and higher future risk of coronary heart disease among females, but not in males. Low level of physical activity in general, and in spare time, was significantly associated with the SPAS group. Small social network was significantly more common in the SPAS group and that result held up in multivariate analysis. In that analysis not being in paired relationship and mental comorbidity were also significantly associated with a small social network. Unhealthy lifestyle and a small social network places younger adults with SPAS under considerable risk for the development of future morbidity. This risk calls for counseling by general practitioners in such individuals.
|
|
