| 1. |
- Ekdahl, K, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of immunoglobulin isotype levels in acute pneumococcal bacteremia and in convalescence
- 1994
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. - 1435-4373. ; 13:5, s. 374-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 48 patients with a history of a pneumococcal bacteremia, serum taken during the acute phase of the infection was analyzed for IgG and IgG subclasses. Once the patients were free of infection, a serum sample was analyzed for IgG, IgG subclasses, IgA and IgM. In an additional 20 patients, it was only possible to analyze serum from the infection-free phase. Seventeen of 48 (35%) patients had reduced levels of total IgG or of one or more of the IgG subclasses during acute disease. Of the 48 patients in whom both acute phase and infection-free phase serum were analyzed, values of IgG (p < 0.001), IgG1 (p < 0.001), IgG2 (p < 0.001), IgG3 (p < 0.01) and IgG4 (p < 0.01) were decreased during the acute infection. During the infection-free phase, 12 of 68 (18%) patients had a recognizable immunodeficiency, including two patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Routine screening for immunoglobulins during the infection-free period could result in the discovery of previously unrecognized immunoglobulin deficiencies in patients with a history of bacteremic pneumococcal infection.
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| 2. |
- Jonsson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in acutely ill hospitalised elderly patients
- 1992
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. - 1435-4373. ; 11:1, s. 15-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The i.v. and i.m. dose pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime 1 g b.i.d. were investigated in steady state in 52 consecutive cases of hospitalised patients with underlying diseases and serious supervening bacterial infections. Following i.v. bolus injection, serum concentrations of greater than 4 mg/l persisted for 8 h in all patients. Compared to values found in younger patients studied previously, clearance was markedly reduced in the elderly, t1/2 beta more than doubled, the area under the curve four times enlarged and the apparent volume of distribution reduced. The values obtained in serum after i.m. injection were similar, though the peak concentration was delayed by about 2 h. The serum uptake was approximately 70%, and serum concentration was greater than 4 mg/l for 8 h. The concentrations in tissue fluid after i.v. administration were similar to those in serum, but the penetration into tissue fluid was slower and only 20% of that reported previously for young people. The elimination was slow, with greater than 4 mg/l maintained for 7 h. Tissue concentrations after i.m. injection were almost comparable with those after i.v. injection, but lagged behind by about 1 h. In conclusion, suitable concentrations in blood and tissue are attained with 1 g ceftazidime b.i.d., whether administered by the i.v. or i.m. route.
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