| 1. |
- Aggett, P J, et al.
(författare)
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PASSCLAIM - Consensus on criteria
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6215 .- 1436-6207. ; 44:Supplement 1, s. 5-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Alminger, Marie, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Whole-grain cereal products based on a high-fibre barley or oat genotype lower post-prandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy humans
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 47:6, s. 294-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several factors can affect glycemic and insulinemic responses from cereal foods. Some suggested factors lowering the responses are; intact botanical structure, high amylose/high β-glucan cereal varieties, organic acid produced during fermentation and food processes inducing retrogradation of starch. Aim of the study: To evaluate the impact of fermented whole grain cereal kernels with high content of amylose (40%) and/or β-glucan (4.6%) on postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults. Methods: Thirteen healthy volunteers (4 men and 9 women) were given 25 g available carbohydrate portions of: glucose solution; tempe fermented whole-grain barley and tempe fermented whole-grain oat. Blood samples were collected directly before the meal (fasting) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the start of the meal. The GI (glycemic index) and II (insulin index) of meals were calculated for each subject according to FAO/WHO standards. Results: Peak glucose response was lowest after the tempe meal with high-amylose/ high-β-glucan barley tempe while insulin response was lowest after the meal with high β-glucan oat tempe. The mean blood glucose responses for both the barley and the oat tempe meals were significantly lower than from the reference glucose load (P < 0.0001) during the first 60 min. The calculated GI:s for barley and oat tempe were 30 and 63, respectively. Mean serum insulin responses from barley and oat tempe were significantly lower compared with the glucose load (P < 0.002) during the first 60 min, and the calculated II was lower for oat tempe (21) compared with barley tempe (55). Conclusions: The results suggest that cereal products with beneficial influence on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses can be tailored by fermentation and enclosure of high-amylose and/or high-β-glucan barley and oat kernels. © 2008 Spinger.
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| 3. |
- Almon, Ricardo, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between lactase persistence and the metabolic syndrome in a cross-sectional study in the Canary Islands
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - Heidelberg, Germany : Springer. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 49:3, s. 141-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) LCT -13910 C>T, associated with genetically determined phenotypes of lactase persistence (LP) or non-persistence (LNP), was studied in relation to the metabolic syndrome (MS).AIim of the study: The aim was to determine if milk intake and MS are associated. We applied Mendelian randomization (MR). The SNP, LCT -13910 C>T, with the genotypes LP (TT/CT) and LNP (CC), was taken as a proxy for milk consumption.Methods: A representative sample of adults belonging to the Canary Islands Nutrition Survey (ENCA) in Spain aged 18-75 years (n = 551) was genotyped for the LCT -13910 C>T polymorphism. We used the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria to define MS. RESULTS: 60% of the population was LP and 40% LNP. One hundred seven LP subjects (35.0%) and 53 LNP subjects (25.6%) showed MS (chi (2) = 5.04, p = 0.025). LP subjects showed a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for MS than LNP subjects computed for the whole population: both the crude OR (1.56; 95% CI 1.06-2.31) and adjusted OR for sex, age, daily energy intake, physical activity and educational level (1.57; 95% CI 1.02-2.43). Adjusted OR for women with LP was 1.93; 95% CI 1.06-3.52.Conclusions: The T allele of the SNP might constitute a nutrigenetic factor increasing the susceptibility of LP subjects, especially women, to develop MS in the Canary Islands.
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| 4. |
- de Mello, Vanessa D. F., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of fatty or lean fish intake on inflammatory gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with coronary heart disease
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Steinkopff-Verlag. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 48:8, s. 447-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effect of fish consumption on gene expression of inflammation-related genes in immune cells in coronary heart disease (CHD).AIM OF THE STUDY: We sought to evaluate the effect of a fatty fish (FF) or a lean fish (LF) diet on the modulation of inflammatory and endothelial function-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of subjects with CHD, and its association with serum fatty acid (FA) profile and lipid metabolic compounds.METHODS: Data from 27 patients randomized into an 8-week FF (n = 10; mean +/- SD: 4.3 +/- 0.4 portions of fish per week), LF (n = 11; 4.7 +/- 1.1 portions of fish per week), or control diet (n = 6; 0.6 +/- 0.4 portions of fish per week) were analyzed. The mRNA expression was measured using real-time PCR.RESULTS: The effect of the intervention on the mRNA expression of the genes studied did not differ among groups. In the FF group, however, the decrease in arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid (AA:EPA) ratio in cholesterol ester and phospholipid fractions strongly correlated with the change in IL1B mRNA levels (r (s) = 0.60, P = 0.06 and r (s) = 0.86, P = 0.002, respectively). In the LF group, the decrease in palmitic acid and total saturated FAs in cholesterol esters correlated with the change in intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) expression (r (s) = 0.64, P = 0.04 for both). Circulating levels of soluble ICAM-1 decreased only in the LF group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The intake of FF or LF diet did not alter the expression of inflammatory and endothelial function-related genes in PBMCs of patients with CHD. However, the decrease in AA:EPA ratio in serum lipids in the FF group may induce an anti-inflammatory response at mRNA levels in PBMCs. A LF diet might benefit endothelial function, possibly mediated by the changes in serum FA composition.
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| 5. |
- Dhonukshe-Rutten, Rosalie A M, et al.
(författare)
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Low bone mineral density and bone mineral content are associated with low cobalamin status in adolescents.
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 44:6, s. 341-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cobalamin deficiency is prevalent in vegetarians and has been associated with increased risk of osteoporosis. AIM OF THE STUDY: To examine the association between cobalamin status and bone mineral density in adolescents formerly fed a macrobiotic diet and in their counterparts. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were determined by DEXA in 73 adolescents (9-15 y) who were fed a macrobiotic diet up to the age of 6 years followed by a lacto-(-ovo-) vegetarian or omnivorous diet. Data from 94 adolescents having consumed an omnivorous diet throughout their lives were used as controls. Serum concentrations of cobalamin, methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine were measured and calcium intake was assessed by questionnaire. Analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was performed to calculate adjusted means for vitamin B12 and MMA for low and normal BMC and BMD groups. RESULTS: Serum cobalamin concentrations were significantly lower (geometric mean (GM) 246 pmol/L vs. 469 pmol/L) and MMA concentrations were significantly higher (GM 0.27 micromol/L vs. 0.16 micromol/L) in the formerly macrobiotic-fed adolescents compared to their counterparts. In the total study population, after adjusting for height, weight, bone area, percent lean body mass, age, puberty and calcium intake, serum MMA was significantly higher in subjects with a low BMD (p = 0.0003) than in subjects with a normal BMD. Vitamin B12 was significantly lower in the group with low BMD (p = 0.0035) or BMC (p = 0.0038) than in the group with normal BMD or BMC. When analyses were restricted to the group of formerly macrobiotic-fed adolescents, MMA concentration remained higher in the low BMD group compared to the normal BMD group. CONCLUSIONS: In adolescents, signs of an impaired cobalamin status, as judged by elevated concentrations of methylmalonic acid, were associated with low BMD. This was especially true in adolescents fed a macrobiotic diet during the first years of life, where cobalamin deficiency was more prominent.
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| 6. |
- Elkan, Ann-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Rheumatoid cachexia, central obesity and malnutrition in patients with low-active rheumatoid arthritis : Feasibility of anthropometry, Mini Nutritional Assessment and body composition techniques
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 48:5, s. 315-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The concurrent decrease in fat free mass (FFM) and increase in fat mass (FM), including central obesity, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be related to increased cardiovascular morbidity as well as to functional decline. The objectives of this study were to evaluate body composition and nutritional status in patients with RA and the feasibility of bioelectrical impedance (BIA) to detect rheumatoid cachexia. METHODS: Eighty RA outpatients (76% women), mean age 61 (range 22-80) years and with mean disease duration of 6 (range 1-52) years, were assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), BIA and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). RESULTS: Fat free mass index (FFMI; kg/m(2)) was low in 26% of the women and in 21% of the men. About every fifth patient displayed concomitant low FFMI and elevated fat mass index (FMI; kg/m(2)), i.e. rheumatoid cachexia. BMI and MNA were not able to detect this condition. Sixty-seven percent had increased WC. Reduced FFM was independently related to age (p = 0.022), disease duration (p = 0.027), ESR (p = 0.011) and function trendwise (p = 0.058). There was a good relative agreement between DXA and BIA (FM r (2) = 0.94, FFM r (2) = 0.92; both p < 0.001), but the limits of agreement were wide for each variable, i.e. for FM -3.3 to 7.8 kg; and for FFM -7.9 to 3.7 kg. CONCLUSION: Rheumatoid cachexia and central obesity were common in patients with RA. Neither BMI nor MNA could detect this properly. There was a good relative agreement between DXA and BIA, but the limits of agreement were wide, which may restrict the utility of BIA in clinical practice.
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| 7. |
- Gromadzinska, Jolanta, et al.
(författare)
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Selenium and cancer: biomarkers of selenium status and molecular action of selenium supplements
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6215 .- 1436-6207. ; 47:Suppl. 2, s. 29-50
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The relationship between selenium and cancer involves many different aspects. These include the forms of selenium present in the diet and in the body, their functions and mechanisms of action, and methods employed in assessing an individual's selenium nutritional status-both in general, and in epidemiological studies of the risk of cancer in relation to diet, as well as in connection with long-term trials for investigating the disease-preventive potential of selenium supplementation. Aim of the review To review different aspects on selenium metabolism, the occurrence of different selenoproteins and their use as biomarkers of selenium status, the results of intervention trials of the cancer-preventive effects of selenium supplementation, the mechanisms of action involved, together with epidemiological findings on relations between the selenium status in the body and risk of cancer. Results and conclusions The rapid advance in the knowledge of different selenoproteins and their biological functions has opened up new possibilities for the understanding of the biological effects of selenium supplementation. A wide variety of effects of different forms and doses of selenium has been observed in a number of experimental systems, and it is at present difficult to pinpoint the mechanism that may explain the positive preventive effects of selenium supplementation observed in some human long-term trials. Moreover, additional such trials are needed to define the benefits and risks of different types and doses of selenium supplements which in the future may be implemented for public health reasons. Another necessary focus for future research is a better understanding of the mechanisms by which selenium interferes with the carcinogenesis process.
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| 8. |
- Hoppe, Michael, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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The relative bioavailability in humans of elemental iron powders for use in food fortification
- 2006
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Ingår i: Eur J of Nutr. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207. ; 45:1, s. 37-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Bioavailability data in humans of elemental iron powders is limited although elemental iron is a common form of iron when used as a fortificant. Aim of the study: The relative bioavailability (RBV) of seven elemental iron powders, five commercially available and two developmental are evaluated. In addition, one commercial electrolytic iron powder given with ascorbic acid (AA) was examined. Methods: Based on a validated method this double-blinded randomized crossover study included three groups of male blood donors (n=3*16) who were served rolls fortified with different elemental iron powders or ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) nine weeks apart. Blood samples were drawn every hour for six hours. RBV was obtained by comparing the increase in serum iron concentration induced by the elemental iron with the increase induced by FeSO4. Results: All elemental iron powders studied were significantly less well absorbed compared to FeSO4. The electrolytic iron given with 50-mg AA was as well absorbed as FeSO4 (molar ratio=1:6, AA:Fe). The mean RBVs of the iron powders was; electrolytic (A-131, RBV=0.65): electrolytic (Electrolytic, RBV=0.59): carbonyl (Ferronyl, RBV=0.58): H-reduced (AC-325, RBV=0.56): H-reduced (Hi-Sol, RBV=0.50): carbonyl (CF, RBV=0.37): reduced (Atomet 95SP, RBV=0.36). The reduced iron distinguished by having significantly lower RBV (0.36) although no significant overall ranking was possible. Conclusions: Based on a validated method this double-blinded cross-over study in humans showed that the evaluated elemental iron powders currently available for commercial use are significantly less well absorbed compared to FeSO4. The results indicate that the reduced iron powder was absorbed to a lower extent compared to the other iron powders and only 36% compared to FeSO4. Ascorbic acid seems to improve the bioavailability of elemental iron even though a rather low molar ratio is used. Thus, if confirmed, this enhancing effect of ascorbic acid on elemental iron when used as fortificant could be used by co-fortifying them.
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| 9. |
- Lissner, Lauren, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Diet, obesity and obesogenic trends in two generations of Swedish women.
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 48:8, s. 424-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Secular trends in obesity and related lifestyle factors are reported in two generations of 38- and 50-year old Swedish women. Specifically, we describe changes in obesity and fat patterning, while examining concurrent shifts in factors that are proposed to be causally related to the modern obesity epidemic. METHODS: A total of 1,270 women aged 38 or 50 were selected from population registries and examined in 1968/69 (born 1930 or 1918) or 2004/05 (born 1966 or 1954). Anthropometric methods and lifestyle questions were unchanged between earlier and later surveys. Dietary comparisons were based on 24-h recall, with additional questions about usual alcohol and salt consumption patterns. In subgroups, 24-h urinary sodium was determined. RESULTS: Weight, height, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, triceps and subscapular skinfold measures were all significantly higher in later-born cohorts, although BMI and obesity were not significantly changed. Higher sodium excretion was observed among later-born sub-groups, consistent with reports of increasing salt preference. Lower proportions of energy as fat and sucrose, but higher carbohydrate, protein and fiber concentrations were reported by later-born cohorts. There were shifts towards increased frequency of wine and liquor consumption, but decreased beer. Leisure time physical activity and perceived stress levels both increased significantly over 36 years. CONCLUSIONS: A number of anthropometric and lifestyle differences between two generations of Swedish women were observed. Increases in subcutaneous and abdominal fatness were detected without significantly increasing BMI. While some aspects of diet showed improvement, increases in salt preference and sodium excretion are cause for concern.
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| 10. |
- Normen, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Small bowel absorption of magnesium and calcium sulphate from a natural mineral water in subjects with ileostomy
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 45:2, s. 105-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In many developed countries, magnesium and calcium intakes do not reach recommendations for a large part of the population.Mineral water may be a useful alternative source of dietary minerals, especially in groups of people at risk for developing deficiency due to low intakes. Aim To assess if the addition of a natural and mineral-rich water increased small bowel mineral absorption in people with ileostomy. Methods A controlled randomised crossover study with two periods of two days each and a minimum 5 days of washout was performed in six ileostomy subjects.Apparent mineral absorption from 0.5 L of natural mineral water with either a high or a low mineral content consumed in the fasting state was compared. The daily addition of minerals corresponded to 2.3mmol magnesium, 6.9 mmol calcium and 7.7mmol sulphate. Ileostomy effluents were sampled and analysed for magnesium, calcium and total sulphate. Results When compared with the control, the median absorbed amount of magnesium increased from 0.8 (0-1.34) mmol/d to 1.2 (0.8-1.9) mmol/d,which corresponded to a 30% increase (P = 0.028).Median amount of calcium absorbed increased from 8.3 (6.7-13.6) mmol/d to 14.8 (8.3-20.4) mmol/d, i. e. a 45% increase (P = 0.027). The sulphate absorption increased from 1.9 (1.3-2.2) mmol/d to 5.1 (4.2-6.8) mmol/d,which corresponded to 197 % increase (P = 0.028). Conclusions The mineral-rich water increased absorption of both magnesium and calcium and can therefore be used as an additional source of minerals. However, consumption with meals may be preferred.
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