| 1. |
- Brännström, Inger, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a framework for outcome assessment of health intervention : Conceptual and methodological considerations
- 1994
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 4:2, s. 125-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We provide a framework for assessing the outcome of community-based intervention programmes for the promotion of cardiovascular health at local level. Particular attention is therefore given to conceptual components connected with community participation in health programmes and to methodological approaches in the evaluation of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-prevention programmes. In a search of the literature covering more than 20 years (1966–1988) in 2 databases (MEDLINE and SOCA), we found that the concepts of ‘community participation’ and ‘community involvement’ have mainly been used during the latter half of the study period. The concepts were often used interchangeably and with no statement as to their precise meanings. The methodological examination of 2 well-known community-based CVO-preventive programmes revealed that most of the scientific papers from these programmes dealt with health behavioural and/or medical effects. The suggested framework presented in this study is designed as a longitudinal process analysis focusing on critical key steps along the path from input to output. The suggested research strategy is problem-orientated, inter-disciplinary and based on a multi-method approach.
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| 2. |
- CERNERUD, LARS
(författare)
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Growth Data in the School Health Service: an indicator of public health? A Nordic review
- 1991
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 1:2, s. 100-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monitoring the height and weight of school children is a standard procedure in Nordic schools. These data are used for individual assessments of health and for the development and revision of growth standards. Growth data born previous Nordic studies are analysed. Secular charges in height and weight are described. The usefulness of height as an indicator of social inequality is discussed. The mean height of 10 year old Nordic children increased about 1 cm per decade since the 1930s. There were considerable differences in children's mean height among the five Nordic countries and among children of different socio-economic conditions. The studies of height and weight of Nordic school children differ too much in design to allow closer analyses. Systematic time series studies of growth data from the school health service to assess secular changes in growth and changes of social inequalities are desirable.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hellström, Olle, 1940-
(författare)
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Health promotion in general practice : on meanings and aims in interaction
- 1994
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 4:2, s. 119-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The enterprise of health promotion in medicine involves a responsibility of distinguishing between the concepts of health and absence of disease and of reflecting on the notions of illness and sickness. In this paper the importance of human dialogue is stressed both as a means and end of the doctor-patient relationship and as the main means of genuine health promotion. The outcome of health work is proposed to depend mainly on the way the patients are encountered. Their efforts to make themselves seen as being sick should not on all occasions be diagnosed and treated. By means of a reflected, dialogic practice patients may be listened to and inspired to reconstruct their symbol-based relationship to the world of meaning. The conception of health primarily includes man's relationship to himself. Illness is looked upon as the subject's experience of illhealth, whereas disease is understood as a functional imbalance of bodily organs. There is a tacit meaning in being ill (and found sick) that can be realized and attended to best in close relationship with the patient. Physicians – preferably general practitioners – involved in health promotion should, it is concluded, both assist the patients to give up their sick role and continually elaborate their own professional competence to see and successfully encounter the manifold specifically human issues underlying their patients' presented symptoms. health promotiondisease preventiongeneral practiceinteractionaction research.
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Gerry, et al.
(författare)
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A Stress Reduction Program Led by Health Care Personnel : Effects on health and well-being
- 1991
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 1:2, s. 90-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to evaluate a stress control program which can be led by nurses. The program consisted of 10 three hour sessions conducted weekly. The meetings were devoted to theoretical lectures, discussions about personal stress experiences, and relaxation training. Participants read written material and practiced relaxation between sessions. Subjects in an intervention group showed significant changes in the following variables: fewer perceived daily hassles; more positive self-esteem; improved problem-focused coping capacity; improved eating and exercise habits; fewer self-reported psychological symptoms; improved subjective health status and well-being; lowered level of diastolic blood pressure; reduced waist-hip ratio; and an increase in actions taken against stressors. The results were discussed as promising but it was noted that the program seemed to attract a select group; women with academic training.
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| 6. |
- Lundberg, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Sense of coherence, social structure and health: Evidence from a population survey in Sweden
- 1994
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 4:4, s. 252-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to understand how health can be preserved under very stressful conditions Antonovsky has introduced the concept of sense of coherence (SOC). A number of studies have also been able to show a relationship between SOC and health. Although explicitly developed to explain healthiness among persons exposed to extreme stress, differences in SOC ought to be an additional explanation for differences in ill health between individuals and between groups of people. Focusing on the health consequences of having a low SOC could be one way of reaching a better understanding of the social differentiation of ill health. In this paper we focus on the distribution of low SOC over social classes, age groups and between men and women and the relationship between low SOC on the one hand and psychological distress and circulatory problems on the other. The data set includes 3,949 persons who were 25-75 years old in 1991 and who participated in both the 1981 and 1991 waves of the Swedish Level of Living Survey. The analyses show that workers and farmers have a greater than average risk of reporting a low SOC, whereas the opposite is true for white-collar workers and the self-employed. Older people also tend to run a higher risk of having a low SOC. On the other hand, men and women do not differ. We also find a strong relationship between a low SOC and mental and circulatory health problems, when controlling for age, sex and social class. This relationship is weaker but still strongly significant when possible confounding variables are controlled for.
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