| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, REB, et al.
(författare)
-
Incidence of appendicitis during pregnancy
- 2001
-
Ingår i: International journal of epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 30:6, s. 1281-1285
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, T, et al.
(författare)
-
Community-based prevention of perinatal deaths : lessons from nineteenth-century Sweden.
- 2000
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 29:3, s. 542-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poor reproductive history, particularly previously high perinatal mortality, is associated with high perinatal mortality. Midwifery-assisted at home deliveries successfully reduced perinatal mortality.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
-
Airborne infectious diseases during infancy and mortality in later life in southern Sweden, 1766-1894.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3685 .- 0300-5771. ; 32:2, s. 286-294
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The importance of early life conditions and current conditions for mortality in later life was assessed using historical data from four rural parishes in southern Sweden. Both demographic and economic data are valid. Methods: Longitudinal demographic and socioeconomic data for individuals and household socioeconomic data from parish registers were combined with local area data on food costs and disease load using a Cox regression framework to analyse the 55–80 year age group mortality (number of deaths = 1398). Results: In a previous paper, the disease load experienced during the birth year, measured as the infant mortality rate, was strongly associated with old-age mortality, particularly the outcome of airborne infectious diseases. In the present paper, this impact persisted after controlling for variations in food prices during pregnancy and the birth year, and the disease load on mothers during pregnancy. The impact on mortality in later life stems from both the short-term cycles and the long-term decline in infant mortality. An asymmetrical effect and strong threshold effects were found for the cycles. Years with very high infant mortality, dominated by smallpox and whooping cough, had a strong impact, while modest changes had almost no impact at all. The effects of the disease load during the year of birth were particularly strong for children born during the winter and summer. Children severely exposed to airborne infectious diseases during their birth year had a much higher risk of dying of airborne infectious diseases in their old age. Conclusions: This study suggests that exposure to airborne infectious diseases during the first year of life increases mortality at ages 55–80.
|
|
| 5. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of systematic exposure assessment errors in partially ecologic case-control studies.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - 1464-3685. ; 31:1, s. 154-160
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In ecologic studies, group-level rather than individual-level exposure data are used. When using group-level exposure data, established by sufficiently large samples of individual exposure assessments, the bias of the effect estimate due to sampling errors or random assessment errors at the individual-level is generally negligible. In contrast, systematic assessment errors may produce more pronounced errors in the group-level exposure measures, leading to bias in ecologic analyses. METHODS: We focus on effects of systematic exposure assessment errors in partially ecologic case-control studies. Individual-level information on disease status, group membership, and covariates is obtained from registries, whereas the exposure is a group-level measure obtained from an established exposure database. Effects on bias and coverage of 95% CI in various error situations are investigated under the linear risk model, using both simulated and empirical ecologic data on exposures that are binary at the individual level. RESULTS: Our simulations suggest that the bias produced by systematic exposure assessment errors under the linear risk model is generally approximately equal to the ratio of the slope bias and the intercept bias in ordinary linear regression with measurement errors in the independent variable. Consequently, bias in either direction can occur. Exposure assessment errors that systematically distort the group-level exposure measures have more pronounced effects on bias and coverage than errors producing random fluctuations of the group-level measures, which imply bias towards the null. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate the need for careful consideration of potential effects of systematic distortions of the group-level exposure measures when constructing and applying group-level exposure databases, such as probabilistic job exposure matrices.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Farahmand, Bahman Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Physical activity and hip fracture : a population-based case-control study
- 2000
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 29:2, s. 308-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A growing body of literature suggests that physical activity may be a protective factor against hip fracture. METHODS: To study the association between hip fracture risk and recreational physical activity at various ages, changes in activity during adult life, occupational physical activity and how risks vary by adult weight change, we performed a population-based case-control study among postmenopausal women aged 50-81 years residing in six counties in Sweden in 1993-1995. The analysis consisted of 1327 women with hip fracture and 3262 randomly selected controls. Information on leisure physical activity before age 18, at 18-30 years and during recent years was based on a questionnaire. Data on occupational physical activity were collected through an independent classification of job titles obtained from record linkage with census data from 1960, 1970 and 1980. RESULTS: There was a protective effect of recent leisure physical activity. Compared to women who reported no leisure activity, the odds ratios (OR) were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.62-1.00), 0.67 (95% CI: 0.54-0.84) and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.39-0.60) for women who exercised <1 h per week, 1-2 h per week, and 3+ h per week, respectively. These decreased OR were more pronounced in women who had lost weight after 18 years of age than in those who had gained weight. Women with high physical activity at both 18-30 years and during recent years did not have a stronger protection than those with isolated high activity late in life, after accounting for recent activity. Occupational physical activity was not associated with hip fracture risk in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Recent physical activity is protective against hip fracture. The protective effect is most pronounced in women who had lost weight after age 18.
|
|
