| 1. |
- Romelsjö, Anders
(författare)
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The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and the severity of addiction : how large are the associations?
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 9:3-4, s. 127-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Alcohol use is one of the seven domains covered by the addiction severity index (ASI), but this does not include any assessment of severity of dependence.Aim: To study the relation between alcohol-dependence severity and the ASI composite scores.Design: Interviews by trained lay interviewers with 942 patients in the specialized addiction section of the healthcare sector of the treatment system in Stockholm County in 2000-2001.Participants: Five hundred and seventeen patients with alcohol as their main problem and 408 patients with drugs as their main problem were included, excluding those who had both alcohol and drug problems.Measurement: The interview included questions necessary to construct ASI composite scores, and questions adapted from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) instrument to make the diagnosis of alcohol or drug dependence in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, tenth revision (ICD-10), with six criteria.Findings: For alcohol use among alcohol-dependent subjects and for drug use among drug-dependent subjects, analyses showed a correlation between composite scores and number of dependence items (0.40 and 0.43 respectively). The correlation coefficients for the other six ASI composites scores were less than 0.20.Conclusion: The domains in the ASI cover important fields in most people's lives, which sometimes may not be related to alcohol or drug use. In future work, the relation between the different domains in the ASI and alcohol and drug dependence should be worked out in a conceptual model.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Room, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Sources of informal pressure on problematic drinkers to cut down or seek treatment
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - Abingdon : Radcliffe Publishing. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 9:6, s. 280-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine how patterns of expressions of concern about drinking from family members and friends differ according to the demographic characteristics of the drinker.Method: A probability sample of adult treated (n=926) and untreated (n=672) problem-drinking individuals from a Northern California county. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict having received pressure about drinking from a specific family member or friend.Results: Spouses and significant others were the most common relations to have said anything about the respondent's drinking, suggested they cut down or given an ultimatum to enter treatment. When controlling for severity, the respondent's degree of dependence and number of social consequences strongly predicted pressure from all sources. Having a higher income remained a strong predictor of pressure by a spouse, while having a lower income was significant in receiving pressure from siblings and other relatives and friends. Younger respondents were more likely to be pressed by a father or mother, while older respondents were more likely to be pressed by sons and daughters.Conclusions: Results show the importance of family relationships other than that with a spouse or significant other, in the efforts at informal control of drinking and efforts to seek treatment.
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| 5. |
- Room, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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The share of violence attributable to drinking
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 6:4, s. 218-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While analysts have differed on whether alcohol causes crime, the differences primarily reflect varying definitions of causation. At a population level, more drinking tends to lead to more violence, and less drinking to less. Estimates of the fraction of violence attributable to alcohol have been based both on individual-level and on population-level data. At the individual level, there seem to be cultural differences in the proportion of violent episodes involving drinking, although it is difficult to determine what proportion of these episodes should be attributed to alcohol. At the aggregate level, there are clear variations between different drinking cultures in the fraction of violence attributable to drinking, with the proportion higher in northern and eastern than in southern Europe. These cultural differences underline that there is no single invariant attributable fraction for alcohol's role in violence. The advantages and disadvantages of further individual- and aggregate-level studies are discussed. Suggestions are made for future lines of research on the connection between drinking and violence.
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| 7. |
- Stenius, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring “addiction” in Europe : the diffusion of the Addiction Severity Index, and its purposes and functions
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 9:3-4, s. 105-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses what an instrument like the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) offers to various actors in the diverse addiction treatment systems of Europe and what the use of the ASI means and implies at the treatment system level. It is concluded that the adoption of the ASI can be linked to a number of factors, including the demands for cost-efficiency, scientific legitimacy of addiction treatment, professionalization, internationalism, and unification of a diverse system. Furthermore, it considers the specific choices embedded in the structure and content of the ASI--how the use of the ASI structures the user's view of the situation and life-trajectory of the individual client. Features such as the length of the interview, the time frames of the question, the exclusion of measures of dependence and alcohol-/drug-attributable problems and the inclusion of client's rating, are discussed. It is concluded that the opinions about the usefulness of the ASI in Europe vary. For the future of measurement of alcohol and drug problems in Europe, for system monitoring and international comparisons, shorter instruments seem to be the likely path forward. The article draws to a large extent on the papers presented at a conference, "Measuring 'addiction' in Europe: clinical, sociological, cultural and policy aspects of Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and other international instruments", at Skarpö, Sweden, in January 2003.
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| 8. |
- Tengvald, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Implementering the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) in Swedish human services sectors : Experiences, problems and prospects
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Taylor and Francis. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 9:3-4, s. 163-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, agencies within both the health services and the social services sectors are responsible for treatment, rehabilitation and care of persons with substance‐abuse problems. Also in the prison and probation system such problems are common among clients. The article describes how a Swedish version of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was developed and introduced in these three systems in the late 1990s and the extent of its implementation in regular practice. The ASI is now used for treatment‐planning and outcome‐evaluation purposes and not only for research purposes in Swedish substance‐abuse treatment agencies. A comparison of the implementation of the ASI in the three human services sectors indicates that the top‐down implementation strategies used in the prison and probation system have some important benefits, when compared with bottom‐up strategies, although such strategies are more conducive to dissemination in more decentralized human services systems. But several implementation barriers are common in all three services sectors—for example, high levels of staff turnover and competition with other structured assessment instruments. It is concluded that the prospects for a more widespread use of the ASI in the future depends—in all three human services sectors—both on the external demands for effectiveness and transparency and on internal, particularly managerial, commitment to effective services and evidence‐based practice.
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